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16 juin 2012

EUCEN Observatory for ULLL

http://www.lifelonglearning-observatory.eu/sites/default/themes/lifelonglearning/logo.pngThe EUCEN observatory on Lifelong Learning has been developed by the European University Continuing Education Network (EUCEN) with initial support from the lifelong learning policies unit of the European Commission. It aims at developing Lifelong Learning at European level.
The objectives are to provide an understanding of the major European reforms that are taking place in Higher Education concerning Lifelong Learning.
The observatory provides information on the major European Policies and three Processes for University Lifelong Learning:

1. The Lisbon Process
2. The Bologna Process
3. The Copenhagen Process
The observatory also provides information about 6 important themes:

1. Validation of non-formal and informal learning
2. EQF
3. Learning outcomes
4. ECTS
5. ECVET
6. Europass
We hope you enjoy it and help us keeping it interesting by sending your opinions and suggestions to the Executive Office of EUCEN.

Main menu

Policies and Process
.

Lifelong Learning Strategy.

The Lifelong Learning perspective and the Lisbon strategy constitute the two pillars of European educational strategy. The Feira European Council in June 2000 asked the Commission and the Member States "to identify coherent strategies and practical measures to promote lifelong learning and make it accessible to all". This led to the publication, in October 2000 of the "Memorandum" (Commission Staff Working Document, "A Memorandum on lifelong learning", on 30 October 2000), followed by a wide consultation process at European level. This led to the publication in November 2001 of a Communication from the Commission, "Making a European Area for Lifelong Learning a reality", and to a Council Resolution on 27 June 2002 supporting this initiative and its implementation (Official Journal of the European Communities, 9.7.2002) with a view to achieving a European area for lifelong learning. Since that time, all documents and papers from the Commission refer to this strategy which has been added to by additional initiatives aiming to foster its implementation. Simultaneously, documents published by member states representatives and stakeholders mirror this growing preoccupation on the part of various actors involved in concrete actions and activities.
Lisbon Process
.
The Lisbon Strategy or Lisbon process aims to make the European Union "the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion by 2010". It was set up by the European council on March 2000 at the Lisbon Summit. (Conclusions of the Lisbon European Council, March 2000).
Bologna Process
.
The Bologna Process started with the Sorbonne joint Declaration on Harmonisation of the Architecture of the European Higher Education System signed in May 1998 by the Ministers of Education of four countries (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom), followed one year later by the Bologna Declaration on 19 June 1999 signed by 29 Ministers responsible for Higher Education ("Joint Declaration of European Ministers of Education, Bologna 1999"). Other countries members of the European Cultural Convention of the Council of Europe have progressively signed this Declaration and joined the movement.
Copenhagen Process
.
The Lisbon European Council in March 2000  recognised the important  role of education as an instrument for strengthening Europe's competitive power worldwide ("to become the world's most dynamic knowledge-based economy"). The development of high quality vocational education and training is a crucial and integral part of this strategy.

University LLL
.
Attention to university lifelong learning (ULLL) in the Bologna process started in a rather weak fashion but has been growing in strength as the primary objectives of the Process have been achieved. The original Bologna Declaration in 1999 had as one of its objectives:  ‘ECTS compatible systems also covering lifelong learning'; and 2 years later in Prague, Ministers emphasised that ‘lifelong learning strategies are necessary to face the challenges of competitiveness and the use of new technologies and to improve social cohesion, equal opportunities and the quality of life.'
However, there was no reference to ULLL in the action points and it remained somewhat secondary to the main concerns of implementing the BMD structure, quality issues and the EHE research area. The Trends Report for the Berlin meeting in 2003 (Reichert and Tauch 2003), not surprisingly, reported very patchy development of LLL strategies at institutional level with significant differences between countries, identifying that the ‘most salient problem is clearly the lack of integration of LLL provision in the general strategies, core processes and decision making of the institution'.
In the Communiqué following the Berlin meeting, Ministers called for the qualifications frameworks that were being developed to encompass a wide range of flexible learning paths, opportunities and techniques and to make appropriate use of ECTS credits.  They also stressed the need to improve opportunities for all citizens to follow LLL paths into and within higher education.  However, the Trends report prepared for the following meeting in Bergen in 2005 (Reichert and Tauch 2005)  had no specific focus on LLL and the short section on ‘the recognition of non-formal/non-academic qualifications' claimed that ‘the topic is part of the wider theme of lifelong learning that has been much neglected so far in the Bologna discussion'.
The subsequent Communiqué from the Bergen meeting seemed to be attempting to redress this imbalance and to be promoting greater attention to LLL: ‘We see the development of national and European frameworks for qualifications as an opportunity to further embed lifelong learning in higher education.  We will work with higher education institutions and others to improve recognition of prior learning, including where possible non-formal and informal learning for access to and as elements in, higher education programmes'.  It stated that over the next 2 years to 2007, Ministers would look for progress in ‘creating opportunities for flexible learning paths in higher education, including procedures for the recognition of prior learning.'  However, the Trends V Report (Crosier et al 2007)   stated that ‘while the rhetoric on lifelong learning has been a constant feature of the policy discussion throughout the Bologna period, action has still to follow' (p64).
EUA has elaborated in 2008 the Charter on Lifelong Learning on the basis of extensive consultation with a wide range of European higher education stakeholder organisations (i.e. Business Europe, EAEA, EADTU, EAN, EI, ESU, ETUC, EUCEN, EURASHE and FEDORA). EUCEN's contribution with the results of the BeFlex project has been crucial for the preparation of this document. The Charter lists 10 commitments for universities and 10 commitments for Governments with the aim to assist Europe's universities in developing their specific roles as LLL institutions forming a central pillar of the Europe of Knowledge.
This Charter was presented by Georg Winckler, president of EUA, to the Ministers responsible for education and training in Europe, at their informal seminar in Bordeaux on the 26th of November 2008. Now the time of implementation has come. A new challenge for universities in Europe.

Adult Education

In October 2006, the European Commission issued its Communication "It's never too late to learn", calling on the Member States to promote adult learning in Europe, which it identified as a crucial element of the European lifelong learning strategy. EUCEN's formal response to this communication. The participation of adults in lifelong learning provision remains weak in most European countries with education and training systems largely focused on young people. To address this, the Commission urged Member States to develop an effective adult learning system and proposed in September 2007 an Action Plan on Adult Learning considering five key challenges to be achieved by 2010.

Themes

Validation of non-formal and informal learning

The notion of giving credit in higher education for learning that takes place outside the university was first raised by the European Commission in the Memorandum on Higher Education in the European Community (1991), issued by the then Task Force on Human Resouces, Education, Training, Youth:
‘The mainstreaming of continuing education raises a number of essential academic issues which must be resolved. Foremost among these is the question of access and the basis on which continuing education students and mature students generally are admitted to higher education courses. The positive policies which are to be observed in some institutions and which give credit for maturity and for knowledge and experience gained in the labour market would need to be adopted on a wider scale, as would the provision of preparatory courses which supply the basic preparation relevant to embarking on a particular course of higher education.' (p24)
It next appeared in 1995 in a White paper which stated that the identification and validation were an important part of realising lifelong learning, in particular making visible is learned outside formal education and training, recognising a diversity of learning situations and settings and looking for credibility and authenticity of such learning.
This orientation was confirmed in 2000 in documents launching the lifelong learning perspective. The Memorandum on Lifelong Learning published by the Commission on 30 October 2000 ("Commission Staff Working Document: A Memorandum on Lifelong Learning") states: "lifelong learning sees all learning as a seamless continuum from cradle to grave". First Experiments. Common principles. European guidelines. Inventories. Initiatives and practice.

EQF

The first mention of a European framework of qualifications for higher education appeared in the Berlin Communiqué  in September 2003. "Ministers encourage the Member States to elaborate a framework of comparable and compatible qualifications for their higher education systems, which should seek to describe qualifications in terms of workload, level, learning outcomes, competences and profile. They also undertake an overarching framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area (EHEA)". Process of adoption, What is EQF, Resolution of the European Parliament, EQF and ULLL, Problems emerging.

Learning outcomes

The notion of "learning outcomes", has been in use for several years in UK, but has appeared more recently in the European landscape, first in the vocational education and training sector and is now moving progressively into all sectors, in particular into higher education. In the early stages of the European educational strategy, greater significance in the European rhetoric with the launch of debates on Europass, on the European Qualification Framework, on the Common Principles for validation of non formal and informal learning or, more recently, on ECVET.
In higher education, the reflection on learning outcomes was introduced quite early in this process. In 2003, the Berlin Communiqué from the Ministers responsible for higher education stated that: ‘Ministers encourage the Member States to elaborate a framework of comparable and compatible qualifications for their higher education systems, which should seek to describe qualifications in terms of workload, level, learning outcomes, competences and profile". In 2004, the "ECTS user's guide" gave a definition of learning outcomes: "credits in ECTS can only be obtained after successful completion of the work required and appropriate assessment of the learning outcomes achieved. Learning outcomes are sets of competences, expressing what the student will know, understand or be able to do after completion of a process of learning, long or short". Learning outcomes were also at the core of the work of the  Tuning project which defined learning outcomes as "statements of what a learner is expected to know, understand and/or be able to demonstrate after a completion of a process of learning". By 2005, the emphasis on learning outcomes was much  clearer in the Bologna Process: in the Bergen Communiqué when Ministers adopted the overarching framework of three cycles for higher education qualifications (B-M-D), they stated that descriptors for each cycle would be based on learning outcomes and competences.

ECTS

ECTS started in 1989 within the framework of an Erasmus pilot plan involving 145 higher education institutions. It was set up in the beginning as a credit transfer project. The objective was to recognise periods of study abroad, and thus to increase student mobility in Europe. The first pilot plan has been progressively extended. In 1997-1998, 772 new institutions applied for the introduction of ECTS, 290 one year later. What is the Credit System, Key documents of ECTS, Process of implementation, Evolution and debates, ECTS, ECVET and ULLL.

ECVET

The proposition by the Commission of European credit system for vocational education and training is directly linked to the development of ECTS, to its impact on mobility and on transformation of educational approaches in higher education institutions. On the basis of the conclusions of the report on the "ECTS extension feasibility project", the Commission indicated what could be the next step for credit-based systems. "A new European credit system would increase the transparency of national systems, encourage flexibility in the development of personalised study courses and of joint curricula and facilitate agreements for the mobility of learners, not only between educational sectors in the same country, but also between those of different countries. Credit systems are powerful enabling devices, which aid mobility between various forms of education and training. The application of ECTS to different systems and types of education will facilitate the recognition of learning gained both nationally and internationally" (Erasmus, ECTS extension feasibility project). And finally the Joint interim report from the Education Council and the Commission on "Education & Training 2010" implementation, stressed the new impetus given by the Copenhagen declaration to European cooperation on vocational education and training and underlined the foundations laid by Ministers responsible for VET of a European credit transfer system for VET. What is ECVET? Progress in implementation of ECVET, Debates.

EUROPASS

In December 2003, after a consultation of national authorities and social partners, the European Commission introduced a proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council for a single framework for the transparency of qualifications and competences  which rationalises several existing tools for the transparency of diplomas, certificates and competences.
And finally in 2002, the European Forum on the transparency of vocational qualifications was replaced by a technical working group, whose mandate, following what was stated by the Copenhagen Declaration was to develop "increasing transparency in vocational education and training through the implementation and rationalisation of information tools and networks, including the integration of existing instruments such as the European CV, Certificate and Diploma Supplements, the Common European Framework of reference for languages and the Europass into one single framework." Read more about EUROPASS from CEDEFOP. Process of adoption. What is EUROPASS? EUROPASS for ULLL.

EUCEN

EUCEN
was founded in May 1991, during a meeting held in Bristol (UK) with the title: ‘Towards a European Universities Continuing Education Network’. The Statutes were registered in Belgium and the Association was legally constituted in 1993.
The most important activities carried out by EUCEN since 1991 are:

    Organising Conferences (two events per year)
    Developing Policy
    Developing Practices
    Leading and managing European Projects
    Sharing of Results
    Networking
    Lobbying
EUCEN has 198 members in 37 different countries. Its contact with National Networks on ULLL/UCE and other stakeholders gives EUCEN the strength and knowledge that makes it unique of its kind. EUCEN developed this website with the support of the European Comission (DG EAC) during 2008-2009 and has kept it available since then. For more information about EUCEN, please follow this link. Useful Information: European Presidency, Bologna Follow Up group. EU Projects. Contact us.
See also EUCEN's 44th Conference - Border-Crossing as a Viable Choice: Collaboration, Dialogue & Access to HE - Valletta,
EUCEN 43rd Universities’ Engagement in and with Society - The ULLL contribution - Graz
EUCEN 42nd Conference Bridging the gaps between learning pathways: the role of universities -
Genoa
EUCEN 41st Conference Education as a right - LLL for all
-
Granada
EUCEN 40th Conference From Rhetoric to Reality - Lille
39th EUCEN Conference Lifelong Learning for the New Decade
- Rovaniemi
38th EUCEN Conference Quality and Innovation in Lifelong Learning - meeting the individual demands
-
Jönköping University
37th EUCEN European Conference Recommendations for universities
,
36th EUCEN Conference University Lifelong Learning: Synergy between partners
-
Tallinn
Founding Meeting: UCE Collaboration & Development- England 4-5 May 1991 - Bristol
Promoting Active Citizenship in Europe- Scotland 5-8 June 2008 - Edinburgh
The University as an International and Regional Actor- Germany 29 November- 1 December 2007 - Hannover
ULLL & the Bologna Process: From Bologna to London...- Slovenia 15-17 March 2007
- Ljubljana
32nd EUCEN Symposium/4º Project Forum. France 16-18 November 2006
- Paris
Universities as a driver for regional development - Poland 18-20 May 2006
- Gdynia
30th EUCEN Symposium - 3rd EUCEN Project Forum- Italy 17-19 November 2005 - Rome
From Bologna to Bergen and Beyond- Norway 28-30 April 2005 - Bergen
28th EUCEN Symposium - 2nd EUCEN Project Forum- Lithuania 4-6 November 2004
- Kaunas
Developing Learning Regions "Thoughts to Actions"- Ireland 9-12 June 2004 - Limerick

16 juin 2012

Do We Face a Catastrophic Education Bubble?

 

http://www.educationnews.org/wp-content/themes/EducationNews/assets/img/banner_tall.pngAntony Davies, writing in US News, argues that when it hits the education bubble will be worse than the housing bubble. Davies analyses the housing crisis thus: The net effect of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was to make lending an essentially risk free business for private banks that could simply pass the risk down the line to government and ultimately the taxpayers. As each loan equals profit, without risk there is no reason to deny loans even to subprime clients without the means or inclination to repay them. This influx of cheap money caused housing prices to soar.
Similar arguments have been made several times recently (such as the Bennett hypothesis and its modern iterations) about the education market and how subsidized loans in many cases just allow colleges to ramp up tuition costs. Davies argues that the creation of Sallie Mae in 1972 was equally misguided social engineering which has only been made worse recently by the Affordable Care Act of 2010 which allows the government to provide loans direct to students and the Taxpayer Relief Act which provided student loan borrowers with tax breaks.
And the price of a college education soared—just as one would expect from a market flooded with cheap money. By law, lenders cannot even deny Stafford and Perkins loans (types of federal student loans) based on the borrower’s credit or employment status. What other reason is there to deny a loan? And just as home buyers took out loans to speculate on houses they could never hope to afford, students are taking out loans to cover educations they often cannot complete and which often do not hold value in the market even when completed. Government meddling has again separated profit from risk. Universities get to keep the tuition profits while taxpayers are forced to shoulder the risk of students not paying back their loans.
The crux of Davies’ argument that the education bubble will be worse is the nature of the good involved. A house owner can sell back their house to free themselves of the debt. It’s difficult to return one’s education to the store. Also, bankruptcy clears mortgage debt, but not student loan debt. Graduates don’t even have that last resort option. There is also the figures:
From 1976 to 2010, the prices of all commodities rose 280 percent. The price of homes rose 400 percent. Private education? A whopping 1,000 percent.
Subprime loans to enable low-income earners to become homeowners and education loans to people unlikely to repay them are similar situations. In both the government engineered a situation whereby loans where granted that would not have been made by choice. Davies’ solution is simple. If we wish to avoid further bubbles then all the government has to do is not interfere.

16 juin 2012

Améliorer le recours aux droits sociaux des jeunes

http://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/images/presse-palais-iena.jpgLe CESE a voté son avis "Droits formels/droits réels: améliorer le recours aux droits sociaux des jeunes". Séance plénière du mardi 12 juin 2012.
Victime d’une précarisation croissante, la jeunesse semble être devenue le catalyseur des problèmes sociaux les plus urgents. Progression du taux de pauvreté, mal logement ou difficultés croissantes dans l’accès aux soins (un jeune sur six n’a pas de complémentaire santé) constituent les bases d’une situation sociale aujourd’hui préoccupante. Fer de lance du quinquennat qui débute, la jeunesse est un enjeu national auquel le CESE, par sa section des affaires sociales et de la santé, souhaite apporter son expertise.
L’avis de la section des affaires sociales et de la santé, « Droits formels/droits réels: améliorer le recours aux droits sociaux des jeunes », rapporté par Antoine Dulin (groupe des organisations étudiantes et mouvements de la jeunesse), a été voté ce jour en séance plénière avec 205 votants, 65 abstentions et 120 pour et 20 contre.
Droits formels/droits réels: améliorer le recours aux droits sociaux des jeunes
Victime d’une précarisation croissante, la jeunesse semble être devenue le catalyseur des problèmes sociaux les plus urgents. Progression du taux de pauvreté, mal logement ou difficultés croissantes dans l’accès aux soins (un jeune sur six n’a pas de complémentaire santé) constituent les bases d’une situation sociale aujourd’hui préoccupante. Fer de lance du quinquennat qui débute, la jeunesse est un enjeu national auquel le CESE, par sa section des affaires sociales et de la santé, souhaite apporter son expertise. L’avis de la section des affaires sociales et de la santé, « Droits formels/droits réels: améliorer le recours aux droits sociaux des jeunes », rapporté par Antoine Dulin (groupe des organisations étudiantes et mouvements de la jeunesse), a été voté ce jour en séance plénière avec 205 votants, 65 abstentions et 120 pour et 20 contre. Peu explorée, la question de l’accès des jeunes à leurs droits sociaux devient un impératif. Comme le souligne Antoine Dulin, rapporteur de cet avis, « sa réorganisation et son renforcement constitue un moyen pérenne d’améliorer les conditions de vie de près de 18.4% de la population ». D’autant que la jeunesse apparaît comme la grande absente de notre système de protection sociale: « on assiste à l’émergence d’une nouvelle période dans notre système de protection sociale, qui succède à l’enfance et précède l’entrée dans la vie active. Il est temps que notre système le prenne en compte et adapte ses dispositifs » ajoute Antoine Dulin. L’avis dresse ici le bilan d’une jeunesse fragilisée par une précarité aux multiples expressions. En effet, comme l’explique Antoine Dulin, « l’accès au travail devient plus aléatoire pour beaucoup de jeunes. En 2010, le taux de chômage des jeunes actifs de moins de 25 ans s’élevait à 20% voire 40% dans les zones urbaines sensibles. L’âge moyen d’accès au premier CDI se situe désormais à 27 ans. Une situation problématique, conduisant souvent ces jeunes adultes à une dépendance financière croissante vis-à-vis de leurs parents. Or, les solidarités familiales par définition sont inégales d’un jeune à l’autre. Ce système favorise donc la reproduction sociale sans parvenir à lutter contre les inégalités ». La fréquence des changements de statuts des jeunes, la variabilité des critères d’âge et la multiplicité des acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des dispositifs contribuent à l’illisibilité du système. Du conseil régional au centre communal d’action sociale, en passant par les missions locales et les centres régionaux des oeuvres universitaires et scolaires, ce « millefeuille de dispositifs », comme le caractérise Antoine Dulin, perd en efficacité. Cet avis propose ainsi de rénover la gouvernance nationale et territoriale des politiques de jeunesse, prônant par exemple de renforcer la coordination des acteurs au niveau national et territorial, notamment au sein d’un même bassin de vie. Par ailleurs, « l’amélioration de l’accès des jeunes à leurs droits sociaux ne deviendra efficiente que par la structuration d’un service public de l’information et de l’accompagnement, ainsi que par un renforcement des missions locales et de leur rôle d’orientation et d’écoute » ajoute Antoine Dulin. Une approche globale de l’insertion est nécessaire et l’accompagnement vers l’emploi ne peut être distinct des enjeux de santé et de logement.
Comme l’explique Antoine Dulin, « l’historique des différents dispositifs illustre la volonté des pouvoirs publics de répondre aux difficultés d’insertion professionnelle des jeunes. Cependant, s’ils ont été une réponse à un instant « t », ils ne sont plus adaptés aujourd’hui aux évolutions de la société et de la jeunesse. » L’avis souligne les réponses ponctuelles apportées, et notamment l’augmentation des aides aux familles ou l’extension des bénéficiaires des aides au logement. En dépit de ces efforts, le résultat reste contrasté. « Les contrats d’insertion dans la vie sociale, le fonds d’aide aux jeunes ainsi que les bourses sont des outils pertinents, mais sous dimensionnés par rapport à la demande. Leur mode d’attribution les rapproche par ailleurs davantage de dispositifs mobilisables pour certains que de droits garantis » précise Antoine Dulin. A ces dispositifs nationaux s’ajoutent diverses mesures mises en place par les collectivités et dont le recensement reste difficile. Face à ce constat, l’avis préconise de favoriser l’implication des jeunes dans la définition, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation des politiques de jeunesse. La création d’un conseil d’orientation pour les politiques de jeunesse mais surtout l’intégration des représentants des organisations étudiantes et des mouvements de jeunesse dans les Conseils économiques, sociaux et environnementaux régionaux devient primordial. L’insertion des jeunes, par essence progressive, se doit d’être sécurisée. Des simplifications réglementaires concernant la CMU pourraient être proposées et le chèque santé généralisé. En matière de logement, le CESE propose notamment la mise en place d’un système de cautionnement solidaire unique et obligatoire et un renforcement des structures d’hébergement. Enfin, l’amélioration de l’accès à la formation et l’emploi passe par un redéploiement des différentes aides. « C’est en abondant les financements du contrat d’insertion dans la vie sociale, en assouplissant les conditions d’accès au RSA, aujourd’hui extrêmement restreint pour les moins de 25 ans, mais aussi et surtout en instaurant un droit à la qualification et à a formation tout au long de la vie assorti d’une allocation, que la jeunesse entrera dans une dynamique positive » conclut Antoine Dulin.
L’avis de la section des affaires sociales et de la santé a été voté ce jour en séance plénière avec 205 votants, 65 abstentions et 120 pour et 20 contre. Contacts presse: Sylvaine COULEUR 01.44.69.54.05 06.99.37.63.48, sylvaine.couleur@clai2.com; Charles SAVREUX 01.44.69.54.12 07.77.26.24.60, charles.savreux@clai2.com.
http://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/images/presse-palais-iena.jpg The Committee voted its opinion "formal rights/property rights: improving the use of social rights of young people". Plenary session of Tuesday, June 12, 2012.
Victim of a growing struggle, the youth seems to have become the catalyst of the most pressing social problems.
Increase the rate of poverty, poor housing or increasing difficulties in accessing care (one in six has no complementary health) are the foundations of a social concern today. Spearheading the five year period that begins , youth is a national issue which the EESC, through its Division of Social Affairs and Health, wishes to contribute its expertise. More...
16 juin 2012

Plagiat - Habitudes de documentation et de travail sur Internet chez les étudiants

https://www.compilatio.net/images/fr/illustrations/home-studium.jpgPar Anne Hamel‐Lacroix & Fréderic Agnès, Habitudes de documentation et de travail sur Internet chez les étudiants - comparaison de données entre 2007 et 2012.
Le PRES de l'Université de Lyon avait réalisé une étude (en 2007) sur les comportements de documentation de ses étudiants sur Internet. A l’issu de cette enquête, une politique de prévention du plagiat a été adoptée dans certains établissements. 5 ans plus tard, l’opinion publique semble en général avoir été sensibilisée à ce phénomène.
Le comportement des étudiants a‐t‐il évolué sur cette même période? Les enseignants ont‐ils une image fidèle du comportement de leurs élèves issus de la génération Y?
La nouvelle étude 2012 que nous proposons ici a plusieurs objectifs:

‐ Mesurer l’évolution des habitudes de travail des élèves depuis 5 ans;
‐ Observer un possible lien entre évolution des usages d’Internet et la banalisation du plagiat;
‐ Confronter la vision que les enseignants ont du comportement de leurs élèves avec les phénomènes observés.
Télécharger: enquete-compilatio-net-2012-habitudes-documentation-plagiat.
LE PLAGIAT SUR INTERNET:

Peut-on penser à une baisse du « copier-coller» en 2012?
On constate une plus grande méfiance à avouer la pratique du copier‐coller: les étudiants connaissent aujourd’hui un peu mieux les risques et les sanctions qu’ils encourent. Les enseignants en revanche sont souvent plus sensibilisés au phénomène qu’en 2007.
CONFUSION ENTRE CITER ET PLAGIER :

Le niveau des connaissances en matière de citations n’a pas tellement évolué depuis 2007 alors que les formations sont aussi nombreuses qu’avant. Il est tout de même à noter quelques améliorations en méthodologie de la recherche mais des efforts restent à poursuivre car confusions possibles sur ce qui est autorisé et sur ce qui est proscrit (ex: la reformulation des citations).
L'UTILISATION DU COPIER-COLLER :

En 2012 les étudiants ont tendance à affirmer que leurs travaux contiennent moins de copiés-collés qu’en 2007. Sont-ils plus réticents à en parler? Ont-ils fait de réels efforts de compréhension? Les consignes sont-elles plus claires?
LE DEBUT DE L'ERE "ZERO-PAPIER" ?

Le format papier (rendu imprimé ou manuscrit) a encore de beaux jours devant lui et est souvent accompagné d’un rendu numérique, par email ou par ENT. Les ENT marquent là une belle progression par rapport à 2007 (+30 points).
Découvrez tous nos chiffres et nos conclusions dans l'enquête librement disponible: enquete-compilatio-net-2012-habitudes-documentation-plagiat.
https://www.compilatio.net/images/fr/illustrations/home-studium.jpg By Anne Hamel-Frederic Lacroix & Agnes, Habits and documentation work on the Internet among students - comparing data between 2007 and 2012.
NEAR the University of Lyon had conducted a study (in 2007) Behaviour of documentation of his students on the Internet.
At the end of this survey, a plagiarism prevention policy has been adopted in some schools. 5 years later, public opinion seems generally to have been aware of this phenomenon.
The behavior of students he has evolved over this period?
The teachers have a true picture of the behavior of their students from Generation Y? More...
16 juin 2012

Evaluation des universitaires

 

http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/.a/6a00e5500b4a6488330176157a2f75970c-250wi Le débat continue sur le blog {Sciences²} à propos de l'évaluation des universitaires. Après la lettre de Christophe Mileschi, la réponse de Frédéric Dardel (président de l'Université Descartes), voici la réponse à la réponse, écrite par Alain Herreman, Maître de conférences en histoire des sciences Université de Rennes-1. Pendant ce temps, deux pétitions ont été lancées (ici celle de l'ex-Coordination, et là une autre), qui réclament l'abrogation du décret sur l'évaluation des universitaire.
Voici le texte d'Alain Herreman:

«En réponse à l'annonce dans laquelle Christophe Mileschi déclarait refuser de se soumettre à l'évaluation systématique des universitaires imposée depuis 2009 par la loi (mais pas encore mise en place), Frédéric Dardel a écrit pour déclarer son soutien à une évaluation qu'il juge pour sa part "salutaire et républicaine". La question des modalités de définition des politiques scientifiques est évidemment cruciale et complexe. Cette définition ne saurait bien sûr être laissée aux seuls scientifiques, aux seuls responsables politiques, aux seuls dirigeants économiques, aux seuls associations et partis écologiques, etc. Cette complexité se retrouve inévitablement dans la question de l'évaluation des enseignants-chercheurs. Cependant, depuis que les techniques de "management" ont gagné les milieux politiques, l'évaluation n'est plus seulement une composante d'une politique publique: elle en tient en grande partie lieu. C'est le principe du "benchmarking": les indicateurs eux-mêmes définissent une politique qui se trouve de ce fait à peu près réduite à éliminer les éléments qui "sous-performent". L'évaluation peut ainsi tenir lieu de politique, et en particulier de politique scientifique. Ici comme ailleurs, une partie du pouvoir est alors transférée aux "agences de notation".
Les arguments "sur les principes" donnés par Frédéric Dardel pour défendre l'évaluation systématique des enseignants-chercheurs sont difficilement contestables. Mais il ne s'en tient pas aux principes et il est bien obligé de considérer aussi la pratique, et cela au moment même où il pose la question des objectifs de l'évaluation. Ce moment est significatif si l'on pense qu'avec le benchmarking la détermination des objectifs et l'évaluation se confondent, ou peu s'en faut. Ainsi, au moment de déterminer les objectifs de l'évaluation, Frédéric Dardel se tourne vers son expérience personnelle, celle d'un chercheur du CNRS...
Depuis que les enseignants-chercheurs se sont mobilisés contre la réforme de leur statut, et en particulier l'introduction de l'évaluation obligatoire, ils ont été confrontés comme ici à l'incompréhension de nombre de chercheurs du CNRS. Mais ces derniers, habitués et attachés à une certaine évaluation, confondent l'évaluation qu'ils connaissent avec l'évaluation à laquelle les enseignants-chercheurs s'opposent: le mot est le même, la chose est différente.
Entre l'évaluation pratiquée au CNRS et celle envisagée pour l'université, il y a d'abord une différence de nombre. La massification de l'évaluation, c'est comme la massification de l'enseignement supérieur: cela en change la nature. Mais il y a surtout une différence de destinataire. Les évaluations des enseignants-chercheurs ne sont pas destinées aux enseignants-chercheurs. Elles ne sont pas non plus destinées aux directeurs d'UFR ni aux directeurs de laboratoires. Les évaluations sont destinées AUX PRESIDENTS D'UNIVERSITE. Ce n'est pas un fantasme: c'est dans le texte du décret.
Un président d'université, ne serait-ce que par le nombre de dossiers qu'il a à considérer, mais aussi parce qu'il est bien obligé de comparer un enseignant-chercheur en droit avec un enseignant-chercheur en mathématiques, n'est intéressé que par des critères simples, simplissimes, du quantitatif, et encore: des tout petits chiffres. Pas trop nombreux non plus. Genre: A, B, C. Pas plus. Les enseignants-chercheurs ou le CNU peuvent lui remettre ce qu'ils veulent comme dossier, cela sera transformé en du A, B, C. C'est d'ailleurs là à mon avis la grande naïveté de nombre de collègues du CNU qui croient pouvoir définir et contrôler une évaluation qui n'en restera pas moins destinée aux présidents d'université.
Si les évaluations du CNRS étaient destinées au directeur général du CNRS, je dis bien au directeur du CNRS, les chercheurs du CNRS y seraient-ils toujours aussi favorables?! Et si les résultats de cette évaluation devaient servir à faire enseigner un peu plus certains chercheurs du CNRS (par exemple, parce que le ministre l'aurait demandé au directeur du CNRS...)? J'ai comme l'impression que l'évaluation perdrait à leurs yeux beaucoup de son caractère "salutaire et républicain".
Que peut faire aujourd'hui un directeur de laboratoire avec les évaluations des chercheurs du CNRS? Faire faire aux chercheurs plus de recherche ?! Un président d'université a lui un problème majeur: trouver des enseignants pour faire les enseignements. C'est son problème. Sa priorité. Et son université est déjà en déficit. Ce qui est premier c'est le besoin d'enseignants. Ce n'est pas le besoin d'évaluation. Pas même le besoin de recherche à l'université: le besoin d'enseignants. Il convient de réintégrer cette petite contrainte toute économique. Les grands principes républicains n'ont pas grand chose à faire ici. Malheureusement.
En bref, l'évaluation pratiquée au CNRS est un examen, l'évaluation à l'université est un concours. Cette fois les mots sont bien différents (surtout quand les épreuves ne sont pas exactement les mêmes pour tous et que l'on n'a pas des correcteurs compétents pour tout le monde...). C'est un concours parce qu'on a impérativement besoin de désigner des "derniers" pour les faire enseigner plus. Mais après les "derniers", il y a les suivants. Chacun connait l'histoire/poème attribué à Martin Niemöller : Lorsqu'ils sont venus chercher les communistes Je n'ai rien dit, je n'étais pas communiste. Lorsqu'ils sont venus chercher les syndicalistes Je n'ai rien dit, je n'étais pas syndicaliste. Lorsqu'ils sont venus chercher les Juifs Je n'ai rien dit, je n'étais pas Juif. Puis ils sont venus me chercher Et il ne restait plus personne pour protester.
Avant il y avait les laboratoires classés "A". Nombre de membres de ces laboratoires s'accommodaient des sanctions subies par les laboratoires moins bien classés. Là aussi, l'évaluation des laboratoires par l'AERES ressemblait beaucoup au début à celle pratiquée au CNRS. Et puis le classement "A+" a été introduit. Certains se sont retrouvés classés seulement "A" quand d'autres ont été classés "A+". Ces "A" se sont alors sentis un peu "B", voire "C". Ils ont éprouvé des sentiments qu'ils avaient jusque là ignorés... Et puis sont venus tous les "Ex" : Labex, Idex, etc. Être "A+" ne suffisait plus. Et il ne restait plus personne pour protester.
Mon appréciation des forces en présence diffère un peu de celle de Frédéric Dardel. Il défend l'évaluation des enseignants-chercheurs parce qu'il l'imagine sur le modèle qu'il a connu au CNRS. Rien pourtant ne justifie qu'il en soit effectivement ainsi. Le risque me semble plutôt que l'évaluation pratiquée au CNRS, généralement appréciée par ceux qui y sont soumis, ne soit bientôt qu'un souvenir et soit rendue conforme au modèle managérial qui aura été mis en place dans les universités. N'y en a-t-il pas déjà des signes avant-coureurs?
Face à ce pari, et dans le contexte actuel, refuser l'évaluation systématique des enseignants-chercheurs destinée aux présidents d'université et demandée par eux apparaît une position très raisonnable.»
http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/.a/6a00e5500b4a6488330176157a2f75970c-250wi The debate continues on the blog Sciences about the evaluation of academics. After the letter from Christopher Mileschi, the answer to Frédéric Dardel (Descartes University President), here is the answer to the response, written by Alain Herreman, Lecturer in History of Science University of Rennes 1. Meanwhile, two petitions have been launched (here that of the former Coordination, and then another), who demand the repeal of the decree on the evaluation of university. More...
16 juin 2012

Université, les idées du conseiller de François Hollande

http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/test/images/logo_libe.pngPar Sylvestre Huet. Jean-Yves Mérindol est le conseiller recherche et enseignement supérieur de François Hollande. Mathématicien, ancien président de l'Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg (1997-2002), que va t-il conseiller au Président de la République? Pour le savoir, nul besoin d'être télépathe et de fouiller son cerveau - en outre je ne possède pas ces capacités - on peut lire ce qu'il a écrit avant d'occuper cette fonction, dont la discrétion fait partie des consignes présidentielles. Voici donc un exemple de ce que déclarait Jean-Yves Mérindol le 17 avril dernier, à propos d'un sujet chaud, la gouvernance et la structure des universités, dans le cadre d'un post publié sur le blog de Jean-François Méla.
«Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur sont engagés, sous des formes diverses, dans des rapprochements institutionnels, tant en France qu’à l’étranger (Belgique, Ecosse, Allemagne, Chine …). Ce type de question a déjà été abordé lors de la mise en place en 1991, sous le ministère Jospin, des « pôles universitaires européens ». Ce type de collaboration, qui a volontairement écarté l’Ile-de-France, a concerné dans un premier temps Strasbourg, Grenoble, Lille, Montpellier et Toulouse. S’y sont ajoutés plus tard Bordeaux, Lyon et Nancy. L’idée d’en créer un pour la bi-métropole Nantes-Rennes n’a pas abouti.
Ces rapprochements, qu’il s’agisse de fusions (pour la France: Strasbourg, Aix-Marseille, Lorraine, Bordeaux en cours), de la création de pôles de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur (PRES) ou d’autres dispositifs, concernant aujourd’hui la majorité des universités, posent des questions institutionnelles nouvelles et on en va examiner certaines ici. Je ne traite pas de thèmes importants comme la nature de la mission de service public de ces universités, de la définition des diplômes nationaux, des droits d’inscription, des rapports universités/organismes de recherche ou autres sujets largement indépendants du thème spécifique abordé ici. Nous n’abordons pas non plus, sauf incidemment, les défauts de la loi LRU en matière d’élection et de gouvernance.
http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/test/images/logo_libe.png By Sylvestre Huet. Jean-Yves Mérindol is the research and higher education advisor to Francois Hollande. Mathematician, former president of the University Louis Pasteur (1997-2002), that he will advise the President of the Republic? To find out, no need to be telepathic and searching his brain - also I do not possess these capabilities - you can read what he wrote before his current role, which discretion is part of presidential instructions. Here is an example of what Jean-Yves Mérindol declared on April 17, about a hot topic, governance and structure of universities, as part of a post published on the blog of Jean-François Mela. More...
16 juin 2012

New minister unveils plans for more ‘collegiate’ university governance

http://enews.ksu.edu.sa/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/UWN.jpgBy Jane Marshall. France’s parliament will debate a new framework law for higher education in early 2013. While universities will retain autonomy, their governance will be radically reformed. An action plan aimed at cutting the high student first-degree failure rate will also be given priority.
New President François Hollande during his presidential campaign earlier this year promised "profound reform" for higher education. Last week Geneviève Fioraso, the new socialist minister for higher education and research, set out her objectives in an interview in Le Monde.
Fioraso said the new legislation would replace the LRU, the flagship Universities Freedom and Responsibilities law passed in 2007 under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy. She said she did not want to call university autonomy into question, “but we have to be realistic. The LRU has not really given universities the resources to exercise this autonomy.”
She told Le Monde the legislation would be presented to parliament at the beginning of 2013 “after a big consultation with all the university community”. Regional debates in October would be followed by national ones at the end of November and the beginning of December.
She said the LRU had “huge defects; collegiality has been abandoned, and on paper we are facing a hyper-presidential situation” in which university presidents had all the powers. But in reality, if a president wanted to innovate or to carry out an independent policy “they get their knuckles rapped by the ministry. So autonomy as it has been imposed is a total illusion.”
She criticised the reduction in lecturer and student representatives on university boards, and said it was not possible to organise a university in the same way as a company. Collegiality, “the true university spirit”, must be restored, she said.
Another problem with the LRU was funding for universities which, said Le Monde, were ‘strangled’ by new expenses.
According to the lecturers’ union SGEN-CFDT, an estimated €35 million (US$43.7 million) was needed nationally to settle increased expenditure on salaries. Another union, SNESUP, was demanding an additional 1,000 lecturer-researchers for the start of the new university year opening in September, said the paper.
Fioraso would not commit herself to financial promises that she might not be able to keep, but said she was awaiting a report from the Cour des Comptes (audit office) and would draw up a ‘complete’ balance sheet in the third week of June.
She had already been surprised to find the ministry had not budgeted for some items, including an annual €160 million for extending student grants to a 10th month.
Her other priorities include an action plan to reduce the high student first-degree failure rate.
Fioraso told Le Monde that the previous government’s plan launched in 2007 had cost €730 million but had resulted in no improvement to first-degree pass rates.
“How were these millions used? Why hasn’t it worked?”
She and Vincent Peillon, the new education minister, would work together to make sure students were prepared during the final three years of schooling and supported during the first three years at university.
It was vital for students to choose appropriate higher education studies, and to be able to change courses if necessary, said Fioraso, who suggested introducing an extra year for students from technological streams who needed it. “Everything is on the table, ready for discussion,” she said.
On the subject of Idex, the previous government’s controversial ‘investments of excellence’, Fioraso said there would be review – but no good project would be harmed.
Unions are demanding abolition of the selective programme set up to boost France’s international competitiveness in higher education and research.
A regional rebalancing of the projects seems likely. “How can one explain that the North, the West and Rhône-Alpes, the second region of university research, have been forgotten? In other countries they take account of universities’ diversity,” Fioraso told Le Monde.
15 juin 2012

Building Partnerships in an Unequal World

 

http://chronicle.com/img/photos/biz/icons/worldwise-nameplate.gifThe following is a guest post by Adam Habib, the deputy vice-chancellor of research, innovation, and advancement at the University of Johannesburg.
Internationalization is the new buzzword in higher-education circles around the world. Global conferences are held on the subject and bilateral and multilateral partnerships have been established, and many more are currently being developed. Part of the impetus for this is the international rankings, all of which use internationalization as a positive variable in their calculations. Some of this is driven by resources made available by governments who want to pursue their political and geopolitical goals through higher-education partnerships. Yet others are driven by well-intended academics and university leaders who recognize that our world is becoming smaller, our social and environmental challenges increasingly cross borders, and a new generation of global institutional relationships is required to manage our world.
Perhaps it is because of the latter that so much of this debate on internationalization is constructed on romanticized terms as if it is simply an unqualified positive development. But is this really true? The multiple voices, many from the developing world, raising concerns at the recent Going Global 2012 conference in London suggest that that there may be many self-centered relationships being initiated under the guise of internationalization. Let me demonstrate this from my own personal experience.
I am the deputy vice-chancellor for research, innovation, and advancement, so the institution’s international office has reported to me over the last few years. This means that I have been centrally involved in some of our more important international engagements. Two come particularly to mind, both with leading North American universities. The first began with an approach from what I will call American University 1. It had decided to capitalize on resources made available by the U.S. government to start an educational partnership with African institutions. The partnership was to be with universities in two countries – South Africa and another on the continent – in two distinct areas in the humanities and social sciences. The institution’s president and other officials subsequently visited South Africa to negotiate and formally start the arrangement.
At a meeting with the delegation, our team listened to their presentation and then responded. We indicated our interest in the two areas they had identified, and recommended a third, one we were beginning to build in the natural sciences. We received a polite rebuff and were told that their thematic areas had been painstakingly negotiated through their faculty senate, and that it would be very difficult to consider a third. This was done with no sense of irony. After all, if their faculty leaders were required to approve thematic areas of collaboration, why would they imagine that ours would not have the same level of authority? The meeting ended, the delegation departed, and I subsequently informed one of the executives that while we would circulate their documents and be open to our academics engaging in their initiative, we would not be giving it any institutional weight or priority. Being a relatively well-resourced institution, we could afford to walk away.
The engagement with American University 2 was an altogether different experience. Here we had identified the need to undertake a capacity-building project for principals in primary and secondary schools because of a systemic need in South Africa. The matter subsequently came up in a fortuitous interaction between some academics from both our institutions, and colleagues from American University 2 expressed an interest in supporting the project. Both sets of scholars told administrators at their respective universities about the project. A series of meetings and interactions followed, including presidential visits, to establish the partnership. It was recognized that significant resources would be needed for the effort, and the fund-raising offices of both our institutions put together a team to raise the required money. This team tapped into the alumni base of both universities and donor networks in the two countries.  It was agreed that the funds raised would be equally located at both institutions, but its spending would be jointly determined. Moreover, while the project would be jointly academically managed, its academic and managerial fulcrum would shift to my institution after three years given that it is a South Africa-focused program. The teaching collaboration was coupled with research that involved academics from both institutions. All in all, this was a project started in the spirit of academic equality and solidarity.
The first experience is, in my view, a transnational transaction. The second is internationalization at its best, a partnership with an intention to establish an equitable institutional relationship. The former is a business relationship driven by either a desire to tap into available resources, or at best is an expression of corporate social investment.  The latter is a civic relationship undertaken in a spirit of solidarity between fellow academic institutions located in different parts of the world.
It must be noted that the former experience is not an isolated one. There is sufficient negative empirical evidence about transnational partnerships to warrant collective concern. It is well known, for instance, that study-abroad partnerships are often unequal and defined largely by one-way traffic of students. They have essentially become a means for some universities in the Global South to supplement their inadequate resources, and run the risk of skewing expenditure away from immediate institutional needs. Should we be comfortable with this, or should we be collectively thinking about ways to make this an equitable experience from which all of our students can benefit?
Similarly, should there not be a concern about many of the foreign campuses that are being established by American and European universities?  Are these being established to expand the educational experience to those less fortunate? If so, can we truly say that these campuses are of equivalent academic stature to their home bases? Is it not ironic that so many public universities have established foreign campuses that operate as private entities? Can this really be held up as an example of internationalism?  Or should these experiences be understood as the padding of one’s domestic balance sheet by capitalizing on the desperation of citizens in the developing world for scarce educational opportunities? Should all of this not warrant a collective rigorous ethical interrogation of current internationalization experiences?
At one of the final sessions of the Going Global 2012 conference, after these issues had been repeatedly raised, a leader of one of the top British universities stood up exasperatedly and said that we have to accept that our world is unequal and that we have mandates developed by and responsibilities to our respective governments. What was important, he remarked, was not having equitable partnerships but according respect to each other. I wondered after this whether this was code for “know your place in the hierarchy that exists, and we will pretend we equal when we engage each other.” My response to this is that you are perfectly within your rights to establish such transnational interactions. But then let us not pretend that this engagement is any more than what it is, a business relationship with an exchange of services between two institutional entities. As a result, I will treat this engagement no different from any other private-sector relationship; maximize what I get for the least cost incurred.
There is of course another way to imagine these relationships between universities. We could conceive ourselves as part of an international commons that recognizes that our challenges are increasingly global in character. We could also recognize that knowledge has no boundaries, and we are not only collectively stronger through equitable international partnerships, but these also enable us to better address the global challenges we collectively confront. We would be aware of our different contexts and mandates and relationships with our respective governments, but we would also be committed to and work within a global commons to act as advocates for getting all of our governments to understand the nature of the academy, the global challenges we collectively confront, and the importance of equitable research and institutional partnerships to address these.
This is an internationalization that I would be enamored by. It is also a partnership that I would be willing to actively participate in and canvass for because it would make me an activist in a global commons to transform our world.
15 juin 2012

Enseignement supérieur - la cour des comptes recense les trous budgétaires laissés par le précedent gouvernement

http://s1.lemde.fr/medias/web/img/elements_lm/m54x44.pngPar Isabelle Rey Lefebvre. Comme l’avait suggéré Geneviève Fioraso, la ministre de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, il manque des sous dans les caisses de l’Etat pour financer, en 2011 et en 2012, la « Mires », mission interministérielle de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur, dont le budget dépasse les 25 milliards d’euros. C’est ce que démontrent les magistrats de la Cour des comptes, dans leur rapport sur l’exécution du budget 2011 publié le 30 mai.
Tout d’abord, le dixième mois de bourse, promis aux étudiants par Laurent Wauquiez, le prédécesseur de Madame Fioraso, n’a été budgété en 2011 qu’à moitié. Pour pouvoir verser ce dixième mois, le gouvernement a donc du prélever sur d’autres budgets: 41,5 millions d’euros ont été ponctionnés sur les crédits de l’Agence nationale de la recherche, et 35 millions sur ceux du Cnous. D’où un total de 76,5 millions d’euros à rembourser, reportés sur l’exercice 2012.
Ajoutons que le projet de loi de finances 2012 a sous-estimé l’augmentation prévisible du nombre de boursiers de 30 à 40 millions d’euros. Faut-il revenir sur le plafond de ressources des familles éligibles aux bourses, plafonds que le gouvernement précédent avait substantiellement relevés ???
Autre faille, le crédit d’impôt recherche. 2, 275 milliards d’euros ont été prévus pour 2011. Or, les entreprises vont réclamer d’une manière échelonnée, sous forme de remboursement ou de réduction d’impôt (leur créance est déduite de leur impôt sur les bénéfices), près de 5 milliards d’euros (5,094 exactement). Certes, il existe des décalages dans le temps, mais dès 2011 il manque 575 millions d’euros, trou qui s’agrandira inéluctablement à 2 milliards d’euros en 2013 ou 2014… Est-ce soutenable, s’interrogent les auteurs du rapport? On savait ce crédit très coûteux, d’autant que la dépense a doublé en quelques années. Le nouveau gouvernement va sûrement le raboter pour 2013.
Enfin, la dotation des 86 universités et établissements d’enseignement supérieur a aussi été sous évaluée de 200 millions d’euros pour 2011. En cause, la masse salariale qui a dérapé… Comment la mettre sous contrôle?
De beaux dossiers pour Geneviève Fioraso.
Voir aussi RRGB de la MIRES - Sous-exécution d’environ 200 M€ des crédits de masse salariale.
http://s1.lemde.fr/medias/web/img/elements_lm/m54x44.png ~ ~ V Isabelle Lefebvre Rey. Ako navrhol Genevieve Fioraso, minister pre vysoké školstvo a výskum, ale chýba štátnej pokladnice na financovanie v rokoch 2011 a 2012 "rašelinísk" medzirezortnej pracovnej skupiny pre výskum a vysoké školstvo, ktorého rozpočet presahuje 25 miliárd eur. Dôkazom toho je na sudcovi Európskeho súdneho dvora vo svojej správe o plnení rozpočtu na rok 2011 zverejnených 30.května. Viac...
15 juin 2012

Les seniors à l'honneur dans les Chroniques Horizon

http://www.horizon-info.org/App_Themes/Default/images/header.pngEcoutez nos Chroniques HORIZON sur les radios locales ou sur le site horizon-info.org. Pour la semaine du 18 au 22 juin 2012, elles seront consacrées aux seniors en entreprise.
Avec seulement 1 sur 3 au travail, le Poitou-Charentes fait partie des régions qui ont le plus faible taux d’emploi des seniors. Alors que l’objectif européen est de 50%. Depuis 2010, les entreprises de plus de 50 salariés qui ne disposent pas d’un accord ou d’un plan d’action pour l’emploi des seniors doivent s’acquitter d’une pénalité. Le principe est d’inciter ces entreprises à recruter ou maintenir des salariés de plus de 50 ans, qui représentent une véritable chance pour elles en matière de compétences, de disponibilité, de pérennisation de la culture de l’entreprise et de transmission des savoirs aux plus jeunes. Pour les aider, il existe un certain nombre d’aides, de contrats et de dispositifs, comme le contrat unique d’insertion ou les « emplois rebond senior » de la Région Poitou-Charentes.
Lundi : un objectif de 50%.
Mardi : les seniors pour l’entreprise.
Mercredi : des mesures spécifiques.
Jeudi : le dispositif « emploi rebond senior ».
Vendredi : les aides au recrutement.
http://www.horizon-info.org/App_Themes/Default/images/header.png~~V Lyt til vores Chronicles horisonten på de lokale radiostationer eller online på horisont-info.org. For uge 18 til 22 juni 2012 vil blive afsat til seniorer i erhvervslivet.
Med kun 1 ud af 3 arbejde, er Poitou-Charentes en af ​​de regioner med den laveste beskæftigelsesfrekvens for ældre arbejdstagere.
Mens EU-målet er 50%. Mere...
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