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22 août 2012

Becoming more strategic about internationalisation

http://www.eaie.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/940x250-blogheader3.jpgBy Fiona Hunter. In today’s increasingly global and competitive environment, universities are being forced to think more strategically about how to position and profile themselves in order to respond to externally driven change, and internationalisation is increasingly identified as a key response. This is where, and why, strategic planning and internationalisation are coming together, with internationalisation objectives increasingly (re)shaping both the academic agenda and the organisational structure of many universities.
Why strategic planning?

In any university there is usually a myriad of activities and initiatives being undertaken across the various faculties and departments, but there is also often a lack of vertical and horizontal interconnections between the different academic and administrative parts. Multiple goals and ad hoc approaches often prevent fulfilment of objectives, and may even lead to chaos. Hence the need for a more systematic framework to evaluate and develop a coherent university-wide response.
When a university engages in a strategic planning process, there are basically three questions it needs to ask itself:
  1. Where are we now?
  2. Where do we want to be?
  3. How do we get from where we are to where we want to be?

Where are we now?
In order to answer the first question, the university needs to carry out a diagnosis of its current institutional performance in internationalisation, ie academic outcomes in terms of teaching and research, income generation, international student recruitment records, international profiles of staff etc; it should also look at the available resources (academic, financial, human etc). In addition, it needs to ask questions such as: Is this efficient and effective? Is it relevant? This is important information for the next question.
Where do we want to be?
In order to answer the second question, the university needs to understand its own aims, values and aspirations as well as the internal and external factors that require change. At this stage, it is useful to carry out a SWOT analysis to identify the university’s strengths and weaknesses as well as to map present and future opportunities and threats within the external environment. An accurate diagnosis is a key step in the process to answering the next question about institutional direction.
How do we get from where we are to where we want to be?
In order to answer the third question, the university will need to put together a steering group that will create an overall structure, direction and timeframe for the plan, as well as identify smaller specialised groups that can produce the content, in terms of activities, support and resources. It should be a comprehensive and integrated document, outlining the full range of activities with the relevant academic and financial resources and involving the whole institution. The strategic plan is thus a declaration of the university’s aims and aspirations followed by a set of objectives and timescales to achieve them.
Setting it all out on paper of course is not enough. Without people, it is nothing. While it must be driven and supported by leadership, it is through the active engagement of the many individuals across the university that the plan will be implemented and realised. It is essential to ensure transparency of the entire process so that everyone involved understands their role and contribution.
What can it achieve?
A strategic plan should be both ambitious and realistic, stretch but not over-stretch the university. Sustaining the plan over time means ensuring it is being managed, monitored and evaluated, that targets are being met, that adjustments are made as circumstances change or that slowness or failure to deliver is being addressed. Issues such as an academic unit unable to internationalise its curriculum, recruit international students or enhance its research output, should be picked up by the university leadership and addressed in a collaborative manner. A university that is being strategically driven requires an appropriate culture of quality and support. Strategic thinking is not compatible with bureaucratic cultures.
Strategic planning gives the university a clear purpose and direction and provides the rationale for organisational change. And change, if properly enacted, is an empowering and learning process, both for the university and for the individuals involved. If understood from this perspective, it can be experienced as an opportunity for institutional vitality rather than a threat to academic identity.
Are you currently developing or enhancing the internationalisation strategy of your institution and need more expert knowledge on the topic and guidance during the process? The ‘Developing university strategies for internationalisation’ training course taking place in Oslo from 12-16 May 2013 could be your solution!
Authors:
Fiona Hunter in cooperation with John Davies and Hans de Wit.
Fiona Hunter is International Director at the Università Carlo Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy and EAIE Past President.
John Davies is Professor of Higher Education Management at the International Centre for Higher Education Management in the School of Management at Bath University.
Hans de Wit is Professor (lector) of Internationalisation of Higher Education at the Centre for Applied Research in Economics and Management, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands, and Director of the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation (CHEI) at the Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.

22 août 2012

Going the extra mile for internationalisation

 

http://www.eaie.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Post-awardwinners2012.jpgBy EAIE. The EAIE is committed to recognising the outstanding contributions of professionals and institutions working in internationalisation of higher education. Each year, the EAIE presents awards to individuals and institutions which have ‘gone the extra mile’ for international higher education, officially honouring them at the Annual EAIE Conference. Here, the EAIE is proud to introduce the innovative university and the remarkable professionals who have been pursuing outstanding endeavours.
Institutional Award
Brand new to 2012, the Institutional Award recognises and rewards higher education institutions which are actively engaged in the practice of internationalisation. The first Institutional Award goes to Masaryk University, Czech Republic, which has shown a truly international vision and mission, and a clear and measurable international strategy. Masaryk University has built an enormous and impressive list of international partnerships, being actively involved in numerous networks and in coordinating or partnering in Erasmus Mundus Action 2. The university has implemented its strategy through a concise and clever planning with impact on staff development, international student integration and international teacher support. The Committee believes that Masaryk University sets an excellent example of how to implement an international strategy for many institutions in Europe and beyond.
Constance Meldrum Award for Vision and Leadership

This award, which recognises inspiring leaders, goes to Bernd Wächter from Academic Cooperation Association (ACA), Belgium. Bernd constantly adds new issues to the internationalisation agenda of higher education and is always one or two steps ahead of the other players in the field. He is the initiator of numerous research studies, innovative projects and publications, with a focus on mobility. He is always willing to share his ideas, knowledge and experience at numerous events and he does this in his own remarkable style with humour and passion.
Transatlantic Leadership Award

Designed to reward active EAIE members who have provided significant leadership to educational exchange between Europe and North America, the 2012 Transatlantic Leadership Award goes to Anders Uhrskov from the Danish Institute for Study Abroad, Denmark and John Yopp, from the University of Kentucky, USA.
Anders Urhskov has been active in the field of higher education for more than 30 years. He is a strong believer in transatlantic cooperation and his work for the Danish Institute for Study Abroad is an excellent example for many of us. He does not only talk about transatlantic ideas and potentials but masterfully realises them on a regular basis.
John Yopp is a champion of transatlantic cooperation, having dedicated his work to this field for more than 10 years. He is a well known reference on transatlantic cooperation with facts, statistics and in-depth studies. His numerous presentations are mainly focused on the road map for effective cooperation between the USA and Europe.
Rising Star Award

Honouring those who are new to the EAIE (membership of less than five years) who have already made a notable contribution to international education, the 2012 Rising Star Award goes to Ramon Ellenbroek from the VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Ramon is a great example of an enthusiastic and highly active professional. He is involved in initiatives such as the set up of the EAIE mentorship programme – a platform for individuals new to their positions in international higher education and experienced professionals to develop supportive relationships – as well as the EAIE outreach projects for the wider region around Turkey, aimed at internationalising the higher education in the area.
President’s Award

Recognised for her remarkable contribution and dedication to the EAIE, Laura Ripoll receives the 2012 Presidents’ Award. An active member of the EAIE since 1994, Laura has shared her skills and experience through deep involvement with the Professional Development Committee, the Publications Committee, and through sitting on the boards of the former EAIE Professional Section European Educational Programme Coordinators (EEPC) and the current EAIE Professional Section Management of Programmes in Lifelong Learning Education (MOPILE). The EAIE would like to congratulate all 2012 Award winners and looks forward to presenting their awards in Dublin this September at the 24th Annual EAIE Conference.
Award winner biographies

Masaryk University (MU), located in Brno, the Czech Republic, was established in 1919, and with its nine faculties and almost 45 000 students is currently the second largest Czech university. Masaryk University offers degrees in a wide range of both traditional and newly-emerging disciplines. In recent years it has consistently attracted record numbers of applicants and has come to be recognised as one of the major Central European universities. MU was awarded the DS Label in 2009 and the ECTS Label in 2010.

Bernd Wächter is Director of the Academic Cooperation Association (ACA), Belgium. He worked for the University of Kassel, the British Council, and the Fachhochschule Darmstadt, before joining DAAD as the head of their EU division. He subsequently became the Director for Higher Education (Erasmus) in the Brussels Socrates Office. In 1998, he took up his present post as ACA Director. Bernd Wächter is the editor of the ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education and has published and lectured widely on international higher education.

Anders Uhrskov, has been with the Danish Institute for Study Abroad (DIS) as Academic Director since 1978 and as Director since 1987. He published The Concept of Work, Historically and Current in 1997 as well as numerous essays and articles. With Anders as leader, DIS has developed to be one of the largest and most innovative study abroad programmes in Europe for US undergraduate students.


John H. Yopp is Immediate Past Associate Provost for Educational Partnerships and International Affairs at the University of Kentucky. He serves on the Directors’, Trustees’, and Advisory Boards of CIEE, Goldwater Foundation (US Senate), and Lumina’s Tuning USA, respectively. A long-time presenter for EAIE’s NAFSA workshops, his research on ‘Bologna’s influence on US higher education and university internationalisation’ has been presented in conferences of US-European Fulbright Commissions, EAIE, NAFSA, AACRAO, AIEA, and CGS.

Ramon Ellenbroek is Coordinator for the International Office of the Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences of the VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Presently, his focus is on the development of double/joint degree programmes (MSc/PhD), Erasmus Mundus and increasing mobility in Bachelor’s programmes. Ramon will be a trainer at the EAIE Academy in Porto this November, is member of the Board of the EAIE International Relations Managers (IRM) Professional Section and will be Vice-Chair of IRM as of September 2012.
Laura Ripoll is Head of the Office for International Affairs at the Universitat de Girona and Managing Director of Prime Networking. Born in Barcelona, she gained degrees in Teaching (UAB, 1980), Catalan Philology (UAB, 1983) and Librarian studies (UB, 1986). Prior to her current position, Laura worked as a librarian and as a manager of a one of the UdG research Institutes. Laura has been deeply involved in the edition of several publications, ranging from book to magazines.

22 août 2012

XVII Encuentro Internacional de RECLA 2012

http://www.ruepep.org/_/rsrc/1345276133396/home/agenda/xviiencuentrointernacionalrecla-1/image.pngLa Red de Educación Continua de Latinoamerica y Europa RECLA extiende una cordial invitación a los responsables de unidades de educación continua, profesores e investigadores y en general a los gestores académicos y administrativos que tengan experiencia en las actividades de educación continua a participar en la CONVOCATORIA PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DE EXPERIENCIAS EXITOSAS en el marco del XVII Encuentro Internacional de RECLA 2012
Cuya información se adjunta  a esta noticia Convocatoria para la presentacion de experiencias exitosas en el XVII.
Objetivo
Compartir la experiencia de su institución de manera organizada, concisa y bien argumentada, se debe describir un programa académico concreto (desarrollado al 100% y con más de un año de funcionamiento) que de cuenta de las herramientas informáticas y de comunicación que utiliza y del impacto que genera. La ponencia debe ser interesante por su novedad, por los aprendizajes derivados de la puesta en marcha del programa, por los resultados y por su aplicabilidad.
See also Educación Continua: ideas, acciones y resultados.

https://docs.google.com/viewer?pid=sites&srcid=cnVlcGVwLm9yZ3xydWVwZXB8Z3g6Y2E3N2UzNjBmYjc2NWUw&docid=c93c32826af1b37c21b8836640efc498%7Cdaf74d2482edb4550607b2bf033080ee&a=bi&pagenumber=1&w=800

22 août 2012

Innovations in Institutional Research - Promoting Institutional Effectiveness in the MENA Region

http://mena-air.org/MENA-AIR/sites/default/files/garland_logo.JPG4th Annual MENA-AIR Conference Doha 2012
Dear MENA-AIR Members,
Please mark your calendars for our 4th Annual Conference of the Middle East and North Africa Association for Institutional Research, to be held at Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, on November 8 and 9, 2012. A pre-conference workshop will be held on November 7, 2012.
Innovations in Institutional Research - Promoting Institutional Effectiveness in the MENA Region

The conference committee is at work on creating what promises to be an exciting program addressing challenges facing institutional research as well as innovations in the field. The three-day conference represents a platform to share knowledge and experience and enhance cooperation between higher education institutions throughout the region.
We invite you to come learn, share and help shape the future of institutional research in the Middle East and North Africa. Registration.
Call for Abstacts

Innovations in Institutional Research: Promoting Institutional Effectiveness in the MENA Region November 7-9, 2012, Qatar University.
The Middle East and North Africa Association for Institutional Research (MENA-AIR) will hold its fourth annual conference November 7-9, 2012, at Qatar University titled “Innovations in Institutional Research: Promoting Institutional Effectiveness in the MENA Region.”
Scholars and practitioners in the field of Institutional Research, Institutional Assessment, and other relevant academic and administrative fields are invited to submit an abstract for the conference. Institutional Research is a cornerstone of institutional effectiveness and development of higher education in the Arab world. Evidence-based decision making is crucial to institutional change, quality enhancement, and higher education reform processes, particularly in emerging higher education sectors experiencing dramatic growth. This conference seeks to identify best practices, trends, and emerging perspectives in Institutional Research in order to address the unique challenges and opportunities facing higher education in the MENA region today. Conference participants addressing the following topics are encouraged to submit an abstract, though consideration will be given to all abstracts submitted:
Beyond data gathering: defining institutional effectiveness
Best practices and case studies in embedding institutional effectiveness
The role of technology in data mining and reporting
Quality assurance, quality audit, and accreditation efforts: selected cases, national differences
Learning outcomes and institutional assessment
Point-of-service assessment
Student, alumni, and employer satisfaction
Conference participants are kindly asked to submit a 250-300 word abstract outlining their presentation of approximately 20 minutes in length. The deadline for abstract submissions is September 15, 2012. Please send an abstract with a separate attachment listing your name, institutional affiliation, and title to gabdelnour@ndu.edu.lb. Presenters must be registered for the conference at the time of presentation. For more information on MENA-AIR please visit the association’s web site at http://mena-air.org/MENA-AIR/. Conference details will be posted soon at http://mena-air.org/MENA-AIR/content/4th-annual-mena-air-conference-doha...
22 août 2012

Skills for life: Can we test students globally, and how?

http://www.oecd.org/media/oecdorg/directorates/directorateforeducation/imhegc2010/logo_OECDimhe2012_04_size2%20for%20web.jpg14-15 March 2013 - AHELO Conference, Skills for life: Can we test students globally, and how? co-hosted by the HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, the Netherlands. Invitation only event. For more information, please contact ahelo@oecd.org.
Phase 2 of AHELO is out of the starting gate. Follow its progress here.
Testing student and university performance globally: OECD’s AHELO
What is AHELO?

The Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes will test what students in higher education know and can do upon graduation. More than a ranking, AHELO is a direct evaluation of student performance. It will provide data on the relevance and quality of teaching and learning in higher education. The test aims to be global and valid across diverse cultures, languages and different types of institutions.
AHELO will be a tool for:
    Universities:
to assess and improve their teaching.
    Students: to make better choices in selecting institutions.
    Policy-makers: to make sure that the considerable amounts spent on higher education are spent efficiently.
    Employers: to know if the skills of the graduates entering the job market match labour market needs.
Why now and why the OECD?

Governments and individuals have never invested more in higher education. No reliable international data exists on the outcomes of learning and the few studies that do exist are nationally focused. Available rankings reflect neither the quality of teaching and learning nor the diversity of institutions.
For more than 40 years, the OECD has been one of the largest and most reliable sources of comparable statistics as well as economic and social data. The Directorate for Education has ample experience is this area with projects such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) testing the knowledge and skills of 15 year olds and the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).
Methods

The test will look at:
- Generic skills common to all students, such as:
Critical thinking
Analytical reasoning
Problem-solving
Written communication
- Discipline-specific skills (in economics and engineering for the feasibility study)
- Contextual information to link the data to student backgrounds and learning environments.
The value-added measurement: What each university brings to the learning process
Top universities that attract A+ students and turn out A+ graduate surprise no one. But what about universities that accept B+ students and produce A+ graduates? Which is doing the better job?
AHELO aims to assess both inputs and outputs: what a student brings to a degree programme is as important as what with he or she graduates. The success of a student’s education is greatly influenced by supportive teachers, available resources and an environment conducive to learning (or the lack thereof). By assessing students’ learning gain, a more accurate measure of quality can be determined.
Value-added - or learning gain - will not be measured during the feasibility study. The feasibility study will rather explore the various methodological approaches, potential data sources and psychometric evidence with a view to providing guidance in developing a value-added measurement approach if AHELO does indeed become a full-fledged study. Find out more on the the assessment and the instruments here.
Participation
Students
will be tested at the undergraduate level (nearing the end of their first 3-or 4-year-degree).
Universities: for the purpose of the feasibility study, approximately 150 higher education institutions will be involved (up to 10 in each of the 17 participating countries). Participation will be extended to many more institutions in the case of a full-fledged AHELO. Participation is voluntary. If your university would like to be kept informed of the possibility for future participation, please contact ahelo@oecd.org. Higher education institutions are also involved in the management of the feasibility study. AHELO is being developed within the Institutional Management of Higher Education (IMHE) programme and under its Governing Board which includes members from governments as well as from higher education institutions.
Countries: 17 countries representing a wide range of cultures and languages are participating in the feasibility study. Participation in the feasibility study is no longer possible because fiedlwork is now underway. However if your country wants to know more about future participation, please contact ahelo@oecd.org.
Stakeholders: the OECD has invited a group of organisations with a stake or interest in higher education to join the AHELO Stakeholders Consultative Group. It is a channel through which information about AHELO can be presented and discussed with these organisations. It is also a forum in which those stakeholders can raise and formulate ideas on how the study can be implemented. Members of this group include international associations of quality assurance agencies, student organisations, universities, employers and unions, as well as representatives of the engineering and economics professions.
Results

While AHELO takes a similar approach to other OECD assessments (like PISA) in that it will assess student knowledge and skills directly, currently it is only a feasibility study and will not provide information at national or system level. The focus will be on institutions and will not allow for comparisons at national level. AHELO is not a ranking and will not provide league tables. At the feasibility study stage, participating institutions will be provided with anonymous data to allow them to benchmark their performance against that of their peers.
What we have learnt so far

The preliminary findings of the first phase of the feasibility study have been released in the interim feasibility report. A "highlights" version has also been prepared.
Timeline
Phase 1 -
January 2010 to June 2011 - development of testing instruments for the generic and discipline-specific skills in economics and engineering and small-scale validation of these instruments.
Phase 2 - January 2011 to December 2012 - administration of the tests (and contextual questionnaires) in participating institutions.
Feasibility study conference on 14-15 March 2013 in Utrecht (Netherlands)
to discuss the findings of the feasibility study: Is the assessment scientifically and practically possible? For more, see the evaluation criteria used to answer this question.
Conclusion: based on the results of the feasibility study, OECD member countries will decide whether to delve deeper into the subject as well as set out steps towards conducting a full-scale AHELO.
Financing
The work of the feasibility study has been financed by the participating countries and through generous contributions from Lumina Foundation for Education (United States), Compagnia di San Paolo (Italy), Hewlett Foundation (United States), Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portugal), Riksbankens Jubileumsfund (Sweden), the Spencer Foundation (United States), the Teagle Foundation as well as the Higher Education Founding Council for England (HEFCE) and the Higher Education Authority of Ireland (HEA). Testimonials from our sponsors and benefits of sponsoring AHELO are available here.
Find out more

-
 Frequently Asked Questions - FAQs

AHELO Brochure

Latest detailed project update (May 2012)

- Latest AHELO Newsletter

- AHELO in the news: Media buzz

- Reports and documents

Who's who in AHELO: the governance of the project and the different groups involved.

- The AHELO Team
.
Contact us
Contact ahelo@oecd.org with any questions, to express interest in participating, to become a sponsor, or be placed on our mailing list. Permanent URL of this page: www.oecd.org/edu/ahelo.
Related Documents

The AHELO Feasibility Study instruments

AHELO Frequently Asked Questions

Countries participating in the AHELO feasibility study

AHELO reports and documents

AHELO Media Buzz

Help us improve higher education – Sponsor AHELO
.
22 août 2012

France: VET in Europe – Country Report

http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Images-ContentManagement/promo-banner-VET_IN_EUROPE-country_reports.pngCompare and learn more about the European national vocational education and training systems. VET in Europe - Country reports are a product of the VET in Europe project and review vocational education and training systems in Member States, Iceland and Norway. They are prepared and updated by ReferNet, according to a common structure provided by Cedefop.
France – Country Report 2011. Author: ReferNet France
Abstract: This is an overview of the VET system in France. Information is presented according to the following
themes:
1. General context – framework for the knowledge society
2. Policy development – objectives, frameworks, mechanisms, priorities
3. VET in times of crisis
4. Legislative and Institutional framework – provision of learning opportunities
5. Initial vocational education and training
6. Continuing vocational education and training for adults
7. Training VET teachers and trainers
8. Matching VET provision with labour market needs
9. Guidance and counselling for learning, career and employment
10. Financing - investment in human resources
11. National VET statistics – allocation of programmes
This overview has been prepared in 2010 and its reference year is 2009. Similar overviews of previous years can be viewed at: http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/. More detailed thematic information on the VET systems of the EU can also be found at: http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/.
5.7 Vocational Education And Training At Tertiary Level

Higher education is possible in universities, public or private higher colleges, some of which are called grandes écoles.
- Universities accept students without any selection process - except for medical, dental and pharmaceutical disciplines and technological university institutes. The entry requirements are the baccalauréat, or the diplôme d'accès aux études universitaires - DAEU (Diplôme d'Accès aux Etudes Universitaires - diploma to access to university's education) - see § 1.5 or an equivalent qualification. It’s not possible tio acces to high education with a CAP (Certificat d'Aptitudes professionnelles - Professional Skills Certificate), BP (Brevet de technicien - Technician's Certificate) or a “mention complémentaire”.
Studies are split into semesters and course units for which the student is awarded credits. A degree is awarded to students who obtain 180 credits, normally over a period of three years. 300 credits are needed to obtain a masters degree - or 120, more than needed for a first degree, over two additional years study.
There is a professional master degree leading to employment, and research masters which permit following a doctorate over a three-year period.
According to the Bologna process, France began to adapt the diplomas on 3 levels (licence, master and doctorate). There is also a vocational licence leading to employment, and research masters which permit following a doctorate over a three-year period.
- Technology university institutes attached to universities have a student selection process and prepare them in two years for a DUT (Diplôme Universitaire de technologie - Technological University Diploma) designed to provide entry into working life. DUT (Diplôme Universitaire de technologie - Technological University Diploma) designed to provide entry into working life.
Students who graduated DUT can study for a further one-year period to obtain a new qualification created in 1999 under the Bologna process to build a European higher education area.
University enrolment rights are limited and some students can obtain a financial assistance in the form of grants based on social criteria, university criteria or of interest-free loans on trust.
- There are also establishments supervised by the various ministries which have selective process and provide higher education.
These establishments offer short forms of education: in technology, business and paramedical disciplines or a high level long-term education: political institutes, engineering schools, business and management schools, veterinary schools etc.
- Private establishments must be issued with a legal declaration of opening. These establishments are highly diversified and have in common a rigorous selective process.
Entry to the most prestigious higher education colleges, known as "grandes écoles" is by competition prepared in two years in Classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles.
5.4 Apprenticeship Training

"The apprenticeship contract is a particular type of employment contract made between an apprentice and an employer. The employer undertakes, apart from the payment of a salary, to provide the apprentice with complete vocational training, given in part within the company and in part in an apprentice training centre or apprenticeship department of an education establishment. In return, the apprentice undertakes for his training, to work for this employer for the duration of the contract and to do this training course" (article L. 6221-1of the labour Code)
Apprenticeship contracts are mainly aimed at young people under 26 in initial training. They enable diplomas or certificates listed in the national directory of vocational certificates to be obtained which range from the CAP (Certificat d'Aptitudes professionnelles - Professional Skills Certificate) (level 5 in the 1969 French nomenclature, equivalent to level 3 of the European certification framework) to diplomas awarded by universities or 'grandes écoles' (selective universities) (level 7 or 8 of the EQF).
This contract, that may be entered into with an employer from the private or public sector (local authorities, hospitals, the armed services etc), is for a period of between one (apart from exemptions) to three years depending on the duration of the training stage being studied for and the apprentice's initial qualification. In 2006, 72.7% of apprenticeship contracts signed, are for a period of between one and two years, 15.2 are shorter than a year (Source: DARES).
It may be modulated according to the initial skill level of the youngsters.
Apprentices are aged between 16 (end of compulsory education) and 25. These age limits may however be brought forward (in particular where the first stage of secondary education has been completed) or put back in certain cases (disabled workers and creators of companies for example).
The theoretical training period in an apprentices' training centre (CFA) (managed by a local chamber of commerce, a professional sector etc), apprenticeship department (in vocational high-school) or in an apprentices' training unit (in higher education) cover around 25% of the duration of the contract (a minimum of 400 hours per year). 51.5 % of CFA are private, 32.8 of CFA are controlled by chamber of commerce and industry or of Agriculture, 12.5 by public school or university. CFAs CFAs (Centre de formation d'apprentis - apprentice's training center) are subject to the educational supervision of the State (Ministère de l'éducation nationale) and the technical and financial supervision of the State or the regional authorities. Training is mainly funded through an apprentice tax paid by all businesses. An employer may, moreover, benefit from exemptions from payroll contributions, consideration paid by the département council and other financial incentives according to the case and the economic situation in the apprenticeship market.
The period of practical training in the company is carried out under the responsibility of an apprentice supervisor who fulfils the role of tutor and has the teaching and vocational competencies required by the law. In the event of the employer or apprentice supervisor not complying with their obligations, the apprenticeship contract may be suspended or even terminated by the labour inspectorate.
Apprentices are paid from between 25% to 78% of the minimum salary according to their age and progress in the training stage.
On February 2010, 8 months after leaving a CFA (Centre de formation d'apprentis - apprentice's training center), 70% of the apprentices (with all types of qualifications) were in employment.
In 1st February 2010, 60,5 % of the leavers who achieved their apprentiship at the start of new school year 2008 are employed, against 64,2% the previous year. 54.8% were in unassisted employment, 5.7% were in assisted employment, 2.9% were involved in training periods, 36.7 % were jobseekers.
6.2 Non-Formal Education

In France there is no specific program related to non-formal education. Prescribers training are the same: state, regions, employment centre, and business. They have the ability to schedule non-formal training, but they will not be identified as such and there is no specific stastistics to separate the skill training from non-qualifying. The status of a probationer does not depend on formal or non formal.
Nevertheless, France created 2 systems for accrediting and validating non-formal/informal learning (Validation des acquis de l’expérience –VAE).
The first one is to obtain an access to high education (validation of prior learning) and the second one to obtain totally or partially a diploma.
The law of 22 July 1992 on validation of professional experience introduced a system of dispensations for credits leading to qualifications where such are awarded by the Education and Agriculture Ministries. These conditions have been extended to cover all certifications recognised at national level and included in the RNCP (répertoire national des certifications professionnelles - National Directory of professional certifications).
The social modernisation law of 17 January 2002, states that any person with a least three years’ paid or voluntary experience may be granted part or all of a professional certification from the national certifications directory (diplomas, degrees or certificates) on the basis of his/her experience.
Under this system, each individual can ask to have his previous experience recognised. Any person taking part in the active world – whether a jobseeker, an employee or a volunteer worker – can have experience acquired over a period of at least three years validated, in order to gain partial or full exemption from coursework required for a diploma, certification or qualification certificate awarded by a professional branch. This qualification method carries the same dignity and weight as do traditional schooling or university studies, apprenticeships or CVET.
This competency-evaluation procedure is organised by the authorities, ministries or other bodies with responsibility for awarding certifications. The evaluation may be conducted based on the contents of the application or on a real or simulated work situation. The validation is decided by a board composed of teachers and professionals.
For secondary-level qualifications, dispensations or examination postponements are authorised by Ministries, which, in the regions, are responsible for organising examinations. Concerning higher education, individual universities examine candidates’ entry applications. In 2009, the number of candidates increased by 7 points (57,000 in 2009 compared to 53,000 in 2008). Since 2002, 168,000 candidates have been certified thanks to the VAE After an increase phase until 2005 (+ 65% of certified candidates between 2003 and 2004 + 28% between 2004 and 2005) it increases slowly with a slight rebound in 2009 (32 000 VAE certification in 2009, 10% more than in 2008). They were 15% more between 2005 and 2006, over 16% between 2006 and 2007 and 3% from 2007 to 2008. Source: Budget Plan for 2011-Ministry of Employment
We notice that participation rate in non-formal education and training is more important in France than in Europe, on average and according ISCED.
The skills audit (BDC – Bilan de compétences) can help employees and job-seekers looking to define their career or training development plan. The skills audit allows the persons to define a professional project and, if necessary, a project of training. To reach this purpose, the implemented actions of skills audit aim to analyze the professional and personal skills of the person as well as his capacities and motivations.
In 2007, 194 000 skills audit were realized among which 32,5 % (63 000) by the network of the CIBC (Centre Interinstitutionnel de Bilan de Compétences - inter-institutional skills audit centres). Sources: Dares, Premières synthèses - October, 09, n°40-4.
Both of these measures (VAE and Bilan de compétences – BDC) can be implementing by the employee (leave) or by the employer (training plan).
The leave represents a discontinuous period of 24 hours during which the employee realizes the audit or prepare the file of his demand of VAE. During this period, the employee receive an allowance from the OPCA.
Beneficiaries of a skills audit are mainly employees (more than 50%). They are between 25 and 44 years old (78%). Women account for 67% of these people. Over 70% of the skills audit are followed outside working time. Financial assistance for a skills audit amounts to 1428 euros (-13%) for a person on a permanent contract and 1569 euros for a person on a fixed-term contract. Source: Budget Plan for 2011-Ministry of Employment

22 août 2012

VET in Europe - Country reports

http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Images-ContentManagement/promo-banner-VET_IN_EUROPE-country_reports.pngCompare and learn more about the European national vocational education and training systems
VET in Europe - Country reports
are a product of the VET in Europe project and review vocational education and training systems in Member States, Iceland and Norway. They are prepared and updated by ReferNet, according to a common structure provided by Cedefop.
Why VET in Europe - Country reports are of value

Understanding national VET systems, their characteristics, developments and priorities is a key element in different levels of the VET coordination and development process. It mayalso bring additional ideas and examples of good practice. Visiting the database and downloading the country reports is highly recommended for policy-makers, researchers and practitioners involved in VET activities, including conferences, seminars or projects.
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Latest updated information can be downloaded by country in pdf format (for 2009, 2010 or 2011) or viewed by theme in html format (for 2011). Previous overviews are also available and can be accessed by country in PDF format.
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22 août 2012

Let’s build transformative knowledge to drive social change

http://www.guninetwork.org/guni.conference/DateIBCHE2013.png/image_previewHE Conference 2013. 6th International Barcelona Conference on Higher Education. The Conference will take place in Barcelona, from 13 to 15 May, 2013.
Be knowledgesiastic*!

The Conference is organized by the Global University Network for Innovation (GUNi) and will take place at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, in Barcelona, from 13 to 15 May, 2013.
The GUNi Conference is an international forum for debate on the challenges facing higher education. Each edition of the Conference deals with an emergent issue in higher education, which is the subject also chosen for the Report. Held in Barcelona and attended by renowned experts, researchers, university leaders, academics, policymakers and practitioners from all over the world, the Conference addresses innovative proposals and ideas, as well as the results of the latest research on each subject.
This edition will explore the critical dimensions in our understanding of the roles, and potential roles, of higher education institutions (HEIs) as active player in contributing to the creation of another possible world. Within this context the Conference looks to answer the call of the challenges of our time, while maintaining an eye towards the future regarding the role of knowledge and HEIs.
*Knowledgesiastic: Having, showing and actively encouraging enjoyment about transformative knowledge.
22 août 2012

Donnons toutes ses chances à l’excellence

http://www.auf.org/media/slider/269.jpgL'Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) est présente sur tous les continents, avec plus de 427 agents répartis dans 70 implantations rattachées à dix bureaux.
En savoir plus sur l’AUF
Statut : une double identité, une association et un opérateur

L'Agence universitaire de la Francophonie est une des plus grandes associations d'universités au monde, avec 786 établissements membres dans 98 pays. Elle rassemble des institutions d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche des cinq continents utilisant le français comme langue d'enseignement et de recherche. Fondée en 1961 pour instituer entre les universités de langue française un lien de coopération permettant d'intensifier leurs échanges, elle a intégré la Francophonie institutionnelle en 1989 en devenant son opérateur pour l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche. La charte de la Francophonie de 2005 définit l'AUF comme une institution de la Francophonie, et les nombreux accords de siège que l'AUF a signés avec les États où elle est implantée lui permettent de bénéficier d'un statut juridique d'organisation internationale, dotée de privilèges et d'immunités lui facilitant la réalisation de ses missions.
Missions : la solidarité au service de l'excellence

L'Agence universitaire a pour missions de contribuer à la solidarité entre les établissements universitaires francophones et au développement d'un espace scientifique en français dans le respect de la diversité des cultures et des langues.
Pour les années 2010-2013, l'AUF articule son activité autour de 3 priorités:
    * le développement de ses établissements membres;
    * le renforcement de la présence de la communauté scientifique francophone sur la scène internationale;
    * la formation d'enseignants, de chercheurs, d'experts et de professionnels acteurs du développement.
Activité: des actions en faveur de la formation et de la recherche

L'AUF mène des actions de soutien à la recherche individuelle ou en réseau, de soutien à la formation professionnalisante ou à la formation à la recherche, d'appui à la gouvernance universitaire ou encore d'aide à la production et à la diffusion de l'information scientifique.
Ses activités de soutien sont complétées par ses activités propres. Elle offre ainsi aux publics universitaires la possibilité de se former aux technologies de l'information et de la communication; développe un dispositif technologique d'appui à l'enseignement supérieur et propose des formations de niveau master en administration et gestion; en médecine tropicale en informatique et en entrepreneuriat.
Implantation: une présence sur tous les continents
L'AUF est présente dans 40 pays avec 70 implantations régionales regroupant 427 personnels, dont 339 en région. Son siège est installé à Montréal, ses services centraux à Paris.
Cette présence régionale permet à l'Agence universitaire une meilleure adaptation aux contextes locaux. Dix bureaux régionaux pilotent ainsi les interventions de l'AUF en Afrique centrale et des Grands Lacs; en Afrique de l'Ouest; dans les Amériques; en Asie-Pacifique; dans la Caraïbe; en Europe centrale et orientale; en Europe de l'Ouest et Maghreb et dans l'Océan Indien.
Partenariats
En plus de relations soutenues avec les États et gouvernements membres de la Francophonie, l'AUF participe à de nombreux projets réalisés en collaboration avec l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) et les autres opérateurs de la Francophonie (Association internationale des maires francophones, TV5Monde, Université Senghor). Dans une optique de complémentarité et de diversification de ses ressources, elle développe également des relations de partenariats avec plusieurs organisations internationales (Institut de la Banque mondiale, UNESCO,...), des associations nationales ou internationales et des entreprises du secteur privé qui ont un intérêt de coopération universitaire.
Voir nos établissements membres
L’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie compte 784 institutions membres réparties dans 94 pays, dont 55 sont membres de l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Ce moteur de recherche vous permet de faire une recherche en croisant plusieurs champs de recherche. Vous recherchez, par exemple, une université membre de l’AUF, qui porte un nom X ou Y et qui est située dans le pays Z. Croiser plusieurs champs de recherche n’est pas obligatoire.
Comment devenir membre de l’AUF?
Catégories de membres

L’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie compte deux types de membres : les membres titulaires et les membres associés.
Les membres titulaires regroupent:
    * les universités, les centres universitaires et les autres établissements d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche entièrement ou partiellement de langue française, ou dans lesquels une partie importante de l’enseignement est dispensée régulièrement en français dans plusieurs disciplines (autres que les départements universitaires de français proprement dits), qui sont dotés de la personnalité juridique et qui dispensent un enseignement conduisant à des grades reconnus de niveau universitaire;
    * les centres ou institutions de recherche dotés de la personnalité juridique, entièrement ou partiellement de langue française et qui ont pour vocation ou sont à même de développer des actions de coopération internationale avec l’AUF;
    * les réseaux institutionnels constitués, par grands secteurs de connaissance, des responsables des facultés, départements, unités d’études et de recherche, instituts et écoles, entièrement ou partiellement de langue française, liés par contrat avec l’AUF.
Les membres associés regroupent:
    * les établissements d’enseignement supérieur ou de recherche au sein desquels existent un ou des départements, centres, sections ou instituts d’études françaises ou dans lesquels un ou des départements, centres ou instituts font usage du français comme langue de travail et sont à même de développer des actions de coopération internationale avec l’AUF;
    * les réseaux d’administrateurs ou de services liés à la vie universitaire (secrétaires généraux, responsables de bibliothèques universitaires, centres de calcul et d’informatique, etc.).
Les membres titulaires assistent aux réunions de l’Assemblée générale de l’AUF, avec voix délibérative et droit de vote. Son représentant mandaté est éligible aux organes de l’AUF (Conseil d’administration, Conseil associatif, Présidence) élus par l’Assemblée générale. Ils peuvent bénéficier de l’ensemble des programmes de l’AUF, selon des modalités précisées pour chacun d’entre eux.
Les membres associés peuvent assister aux colloques et séminaires de l’AUF et bénéficier des services de celle-ci selon les décisions du Conseil d’administration. Ils peuvent également participer à l’Assemblée générale avec voix consultative.
http://www.auf.org/media/slider/269.jpg~~VAjans la inivèsite Frankofoni (auf) se prezan sou tout kontinan, ak plis pase 427 ajan nan 70 lokasyon nan dis biwo tache.
Aprann plis bagay sou auf a
Ki dènye nouvèl: yon idantite doub, asosyasyon ak operatè yon

Ajans univèrsitèr de la Frankofoni an se youn nan asosyasyon yo nan pi gwo inivèsite nan mond lan, ak 786 enstitisyon manm nan 98 peyi yo.
Li pote ansanm enstitisyon edikasyon siperyè ak rechèch sou senk kontinan lè l sèvi avèk franse kòm lang ansèyman yo ak rechèch. Te fonde an 1961 etabli ant inivèsite franse yo-lang konekte koperasyon entansifye echanj yo, li mete Frankofoni an enstitisyonèl nan lane 1989 pa vin operatè a pou nivo edikasyon siperyè ak rechèch. Konstitisyon an nan auf la frankofoni 2005 defini kòm yon enstitisyon nan Frankofoni a, ak akò sa, anpil katye jeneral ki te auf a te siyen ak Etazini a kote li opere pèmèt li jwi yon estati legal nan òganizasyon entènasyonal , Fwa ak privilèj ak iminite pa fasilite reyisit nan misyon li yo. Plis...
22 août 2012

Sourcing Cadres 2012 - Comment les entreprises recrutent leurs cadres

http://presse.apec.fr/extension/apec/design/presse/images/topbar/presse/header.pngInterview avec Pierre Lamblin, Directeur du département Etudes et Recherche
Quels sont les 3 résultats clés du baromètre Sourcing?

La transparence du marché de l’emploi cadre se confirme. L’offre d’emploi reste le moyen de sourcing le plus fréquemment utilisé par les entreprises pour recruter des cadres, dans plus d’un cas sur deux. Enfin, les sites des réseaux sociaux sont davantage utilisés par les entreprises mais très rarement seuls.
Y a-t-il des changements majeurs par rapport à l’édition précédente ou sommes-nous dans le prolongement de la tendance observée?

Le changement majeur concerne la progression des réseaux sociaux professionnels sur Internet comme canal de recrutement. Les entreprises sont ainsi plus nombreuses en proportion à y avoir recours (12% à 20% entre 2008 et 2010), principalement pour s’en servir comme des CV thèques et rechercher des informations sur des candidats,
Quelle place occupe les réseaux sociaux dans le processus de recrutement?

Seulement 2% des cadres embauchés en 2011 ont été rencontrés directement grâce aux réseaux sociaux, dont l’usage comme moyen desourcingest cependant en progression. Son utilisation est particulièrement répandue dans le secteur des activités informatiques (54%). Enfin, un recruteur sur deux considère que les sites de réseaux sociaux sont un moyen d’améliorer l’image et la réputation de l’entreprise. Ainsi, ils apparaissent comme des outils de communication RH, utilisés pour soigner la « marque employeur » de l’entreprise et renforcer son attractivité auprès des candidats. Espace Presse Actualité du DER Sourcing.
Synthèse
L’enquête Sourcing cadres est réalisée chaque année par le Département Études et Recherche de l’Apec (depuis 2009). Comme les précédentes, cette quatrième édition de l’enquête porte sur les différentes étapes d’un processus de recrutement, des moyens utilisés pour obtenir des candidatures (ce qu’on appelle le sourcing) jusqu’à la sélection du candidat finalement retenu (entretiens d’embauche, tests éventuels…). Il s’agit bien d’étudier comment les entreprises recrutent leurs cadres.
1 300 entreprises d’au moins 50 salariés, ayant recruté au moins un cadre en externe entre janvier 2011 et février 2012, ont été interrogées par téléphone par la société LH2 en février 2012. Les entretiens portent sur le « dernier recrutement externe d’un cadre réalisé dans l’entreprise depuis moins d’un an », seul moyen qui permette d’obtenir des réponses précises (et non du type: « ça dépend du poste », « tout dépend selon qu’on cherche un cadre expérimenté ou un débutant » etc.). Les entreprises interrogées sont représentatives des entreprises du secteur privé selon le critère des effectifs cadres par secteur d’activité.
Le sourcing

L’offre d’emploi reste le moyen de sourcing le plus fréquemment utilisé par les entreprises pour recruter des cadres. Plus de huit recruteurs sur dix ont publié au moins une offre lors de leur dernier recrutement de cadre. Et dans 99% des cas, l’offre est diffusée sur Internet. Mais il est rare que ce soit l’unique moyen utilisé pour obtenir des candidatures: seule une entreprise sur dix n’utilise qu’un seul canal.
Le marché de l’emploi cadre apparaît donc toujours
comme particulièrement transparent. Les recruteurs qui mobilisent uniquement les canaux les plus confidentiels pour trouver des candidats se font en outre plus rares. Ils se tournent davantage que l’an passé vers des moyens de sourcing accessibles aux candidats (12% contre 9% en 2010) tels que les CVthèques, sites de réseaux sociaux ou salons de recrutement, ce qui favorise le recul du « marché caché » (de 8% à 6% entre 2010 et 2011).
La transparence du marché de l’emploi cadre est toutefois à nuancer. L’accessibilité et la visibilité de l’offre varient en effet selon les supports de diffusion. Dans près de 60% des cas, l’offre est diffusée sur un ou plusieurs jobboards généralistes cadres (par exemple Apec, Cadremploi, Cadresonline) qui s’adressent en principe à l’audience la plus large possible parmi les cadres. Ces opportunités peuvent donc facilement être repérées par les candidats. Mais dans un cas sur dix, les recruteurs privilégient aux jobboards généralistes une diffusion sur des sites d’emploi sectoriels et/ou régionaux dont l’audience est supposée moindre mais plus ciblée. Enfin, le site Internet propre à l’entreprise est un support couramment utilisé pour publier des offres (67% des cas). Dans un cas sur dix, l’offre est même exclusivement publiée sur celui-ci. La transparence n’est dès lors que partielle, ces opportunités s’avérant difficiles à trouver par les candidats.
D’autres canaux de sourcing progressent, tels que les sites de réseaux sociaux dont l’usage par les recruteurs se répand depuis plusieurs années (de 12% à 23% entre 2008 et 2011). Ces sites sont principalement utilisés pour rechercher directement des candidats potentiels (79%), sur le même principe que les CVthèques, et moins pour y publier directement l’offre (33%). Pour autant, seuls 8% des recruteurs déclarent utiliser ces sites de manière systématique pour tout recrutement de cadre.
Le poids d’Internet est certes prépondérant, mais les recruteurs ne se tournent pas moins vers des canaux plus confidentiels pour obtenir des candidatures. Le réseau de relations conserve ainsi sa troisième place parmi les principaux moyens de sourcing, et connaît même une légère augmentation (de 52% à 58% entre 2010 et 2011). La cooptation des salariés reste quant à elle stable, utilisée dans près de 40% des recrutements.
Toutefois, elle n’est formellement encouragée par le versement de primes et/ou cadeaux que par moins d’un tiers des entreprises déclarant avoir utilisé la cooptation. Sur l’ensemble des entreprises, seules 11% ont mis en place un système formalisé d’incitation à la cooptation des salariés.
Les offres demeurent le premier canal de recrutement des cadres: elles sont à l’origine de la candidature du cadre finalement recruté dans près de la moitié des recrutements (47%). Cette proportion est cependant en baisse par rapport à 2010 (54%). À l’inverse, les canaux confidentiels (réseau de relations, cooptation, « chasse », associations d’anciens élèves) progressent: ils ont permis 33% des recrutements contre 28% en 2010. Les autres moyens de sourcing apparaissent finalement comme peu efficaces pour finaliser un recrutement. En particulier, les candidatures spontanées, utilisées par plus des deux tiers des recruteurs, n’ont été à l’origine que de 7% des embauches.
La sélection des candidats

De l’examen des candidatures au choix final d’un candidat, les entreprises peuvent choisir de multiplier les épreuves de sélection (présélection téléphonique, entretiens, tests, vérification de références) ou, au contraire, faire rapidement leur choix final parce que, par exemple, un candidat était déjà connu de l’entreprise ou recommandé.
Le nombre de candidatures obtenues détermine en grande partie le processus de sélection. La sélection est logiquement plus complexe quand un nombre important de candidatures parvient à l’entreprise. Deux tiers des entreprises interrogées ont obtenu moins de 25 candidatures pour le poste à pourvoir. 97% des entreprises qui n’ont pas diffusé d’offre sont dans ce cas, contre 61% des entreprises ayant publié une offre.
Avant la convocation à l’entretien, une majorité d’entreprises (52%) utilise la présélection téléphonique afin d’identifier le candidat potentiel. Cela peut aussi permettre au recruteur de valider certains points de la candidature, tels l’adéquation au profil recherché, la mobilité géographique, les prétentions salariales…
La présélection téléphonique varie selon les moyens de sourcing utilisés. Ainsi, elle est plus courante lorsqu’en amont l’entreprise a utilisé un site de réseau social comme canal de recrutement (71%), et également lorsque celle-ci reçoit un nombre très important de candidatures. Près de 9 entreprises sur 10 ayant reçu plus de 100 candidatures au poste à pourvoir ont sélectionné des candidats après un entretien téléphonique.
Pendant la phase de sélection, le recruteur est amené à rencontrer les candidats. Dans 60% des cas, les entreprises reçoivent en entretien 2 à 5 candidats ayant postulé au poste. À l’inverse, 9% des entreprises ne rencontrent qu’un seul candidat. Dans ce cas, c’est 8 fois sur 10 parce qu’il est déjà connu de l’entreprise ou recommandé par une personne extérieure. Le nombre de candidatures reçues par le recruteur constitue également une variable importante à considérer ici. En effet, plus les entreprises reçoivent de candidatures, plus le nombre de candidats reçus en entretien est élevé.
Dans 4 recrutements sur 10, les candidats reçus à l’entretien sont soumis à un ou plusieurs tests. Ces tests peuvent prendre la forme de mises en situation professionnelle (jeux de rôle, études de cas…), mais aussi de tests de langue ou psychotechniques. C’est plus fréquemment le cas dans les grandes entreprises: 45% des entreprises de plus de 1 000 salariés ont pratiqué des tests, contre 33% des entreprises de moins de 100 salariés. Aussi, les procédures de recrutements tendent à être davantage formalisées dans les grandes entreprises et les moyens alloués au recrutement augmentent avec la taille de celles-ci. On note également que les tests sont plus courants quand l’entreprise sous-traite la sélection de candidats à un cabinet de recrutement (57%).
En parallèle, les entreprises vérifient très fréquemment les éléments du CV du cadre embauché. Que ce soit l’entreprise elle-même ou, éventuellement, le cabinet de recrutement, les références antérieures du candidat ou les diplômes sont vérifiés 8 fois sur 10. Au-delà de la vérification d’éléments factuels du CV (comme les diplômes), dans près de 2 cas sur 10, les recruteurs recherchent des informations complémentaires sur les candidats sur Internet, à partir des moteurs de recherche ou des sites de réseaux sociaux.
Ces différentes phases de sélection évoquées précédemment peuvent ne pas s’effectuer quand le candidat recruté in fine est déjà connu de l’entreprise. Le poids du réseau relationnel comme voie d’accès à l’emploi reste en effet important. Dans plus d’un tiers des recrutements, le candidat embauché était déjà connu de l’entreprise avant le début du processus de recrutement ou a été recommandé par un tiers. Dans ce dernier cas, pour une large majorité (60%), le candidat recommandé est présenté au recruteur par une personne extérieure à l’entreprise (client, fournisseur, relation).
Quatre procédures types de recrutements pour les cadres

Des analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles (Analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples (ACM) puis classification ascendante hiérarchique) ont permis d’identifier quatre procédures types de recrutements pour les cadres. En croisant l’ensemble des variables de l’enquête entre elles, se dégagent en effet plusieurs axes discriminants entre les différentes procédures effectuées par les recruteurs. Ainsi, trois variables jouent un rôle explicatif particulièrement fort pour déterminer les actions (canaux de sourcing et phases de sélection) effectuées par les entreprises pour embaucher un cadre:
- le nombre de canaux utilisés pour obtenir des candidatures;
-  l’utilisation d’un intermédiaire pour le sourcing et la première sélection des candidats;
- le fait qu’un candidat soit déjà connu dans l’entreprise ou recommandé par une source externe.
Ces variables permettent, via une technique de classification, de décrire quatre types bien spécifiques de recrutements pour les cadres. Ces types permettent globalement de relativiser la transparence du marché de l’emploi cadre. Si une proportion très large d’entreprises utilisent l’offre d’emploi pour recruter leurs cadres, le rôle joué par le réseau ou les intermédiaires du marché demeure très important.
Le recrutement exclusif sur offre concerne 29% des procédures de recrutement. Pour ces recrutements, l’offre est le moyen quasi-exclusif utilisé pour avoir des candidatures. Ainsi, dans neuf cas sur dix, le candidat finalement recruté avait répondu à l’offre d’emploi.
Le recrutement multicanaux concerne 27% des procédures de recrutement. Pour ces recrutements, un nombre très important de canaux est utilisé. Il s’agit ici de trouver des candidats via le plus de moyens possibles. L’offre d’emploi est utilisée dans la quasi-totalité des cas mais d’autres canaux sont utilisés en parallèle. Il s’agit de la procédure où les moyens permettant de trouver in fine le « bon candidat » sont les plus divers. Offres, CVthèques, réseaux, candidatures spontanées peuvent permettre le recrutement.
Le recrutement via un intermédiaire concerne 24% des procédures de recrutement. Ici, le recrutement est sous-traité, le plus souvent à un cabinet de recrutement, mais aussi parfois à une société d’intérim. Les canaux utilisés sont ceux du prestataire. Celui-ci passe fréquemment une offre mais est parfois chargé de « chasser » directement un candidat. Dans tous les cas, la procédure de sélection est assurée par le prestataire (premiers entretiens, tests, vérification) et l’entreprise ne reçoit que quelques candidats pour faire son choix.
Le recrutement par relation concerne 20% des procédures de recrutement. L’entreprise peut utiliser ici différents canaux de recrutement mais « le jeu est joué d’avance » via le réseau relationnel du candidat. En effet, dans l’ensemble de ces recrutements, ce sont les relations du candidat finalement recruté qui ont permis le recrutement, soit parce que le candidat était déjà connu de l’entreprise (par exemple ancien stagiaire, prestataire, client), soit parce qu’il a bénéficié d’une « recommandation » qui a fait la différence.

http://presse.apec.fr/extension/apec/design/presse/images/topbar/presse/header.png Συνέντευξη με τον Pierre Lamblin, Διευθυντής Μελετών και Ερευνών
Ποια είναι τα 3 βασικά ευρήματα του βαρόμετρου Sourcing;

Η διαφάνεια του πλαισίου της αγοράς εργασίας έχει επιβεβαιωθεί.
Η εργασία παραμένει το μέσο προμήθεια η πιο συχνά χρησιμοποιούνται από τις εταιρείες για την πρόσληψη στελεχών σε περισσότερες από τις μισές περιπτώσεις. Τέλος, οι ιστότοποι κοινωνικής δικτύωσης που χρησιμοποιείται από περισσότερες εταιρείες, αλλά μόνο πολύ σπάνια. Περισσότερα...
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