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27 juin 2012

The role of university careers services in the skills supply chain

http://static.guim.co.uk/static/33b2f93e64cf54f5076d00cc1a435d994db1eec8/common/images/logos/the-guardian/professional.gifBy Jane Artess. Changing expectations and the work experience and internship landscape for students and graduates.
The recent review of business-university collaboration led by Prof Tim Wilson recommends that every full-time undergraduate student should have the opportunity to experience a structured, university-approved, undergraduate internship during their study. Furthermore, university careers services and their local enterprise partnership (LEP) should collaborate to establish a "skills supply chain" between universities and local businesses, integrating placements, internships and employment services. Many university career services are already engaged in this work; it is the apparent unevenness of the provision across the higher education landscape that has prompted the recommendations.
Unevenness reflects diversity. To pursue the chain analogy there are many types and lengths of chain (as any jeweller will tell you): there are short placements that may be integral to the course; there are sandwich placements, so called because they take up to a year working in business between years of the course; and there are graduate internships, which may be progressed to after completion of the degree. Each has a different educational purpose and impact on the satisfaction of employers' need for skilled employees.
The activities undertaken also depend on the nature and length of the chain. For example, short placements are ideal for finding out about occupations, exploring aptitudes and checking career goals; longer placements are arguably better for developing work-related competencies in situ and conducting course or employer-devised projects that may make a direct contribution to business growth. One recent example I heard of is a student on placement from university who saw a way to save the business several million pounds. He was offered a job.
Career services' contribution to the design of the supply chain may be more analogous to engineering than jewellery-making as weighty issues of purpose, aims, length, activities, and relationship to the course and so on, surface; and then there is also how to ensure that students' employability is enhanced by it. But what really makes a placement or internship (these terms are often used interchangeably) work well? Wilson et al, suggest structure is key and this follows from defining the purpose. Others have suggested that internships work best when there is genuine motivation from both sides, when the placement provides real (not synthesised) learning opportunities and experiences, when it challenges and relates to long-term job or business aspirations.
We need students and graduates to be stretched and employers to understand their potential but when this happens very real concerns arise about job substitution– especially on longer placements. Also, one student's stretch is another student's yawn; one employer's view of what constitutes talent may be written off as simply average by another. Diversity again. There are some tensions pulling at that chain.
Universities and their career services have been working at the interface between higher education and employment longer than anyone can remember. Grown out of industrial histories, many university courses respond to local or regional demand for skilled workforces; at the leading edge of research and development universities are in active collaboration with local, national and international businesses. But every year there are new students and new businesses, new technologies and new economic challenges. Change, as anyone who worked in Lehman Bros will tell you, happens. Career services need to work with enormous diversity on both the supply and demand ends of the chain – it is perhaps unsurprising that occasionally a link breaks.
The reality is that university career services are often tasked with maintaining relationships with businesses and play a pivotal role in ensuring high quality student (and graduate) work experiences by identifying students' and employers' aspirations, working with tutors devising and assessing work-related projects/learning, providing formal accreditation of workplace learning, supporting entrepreneurialism in students and graduates, working to provide incubator arrangements for new businesses, preparing and debriefing students to optimise employability learning, advising on employment rights, helping students articulate their skills, and supporting students to integrate the work- and course-based aspects of their courses.
So to end where we began, with a call for a strong skills supply chain. If you need to know who's warming up the soldering iron, you could do worse than start with the university careers service.
Jane Artess, director of research,
Higher Education Careers Services Unit.
18 juin 2012

Le site « Compétences et formation » du CEDIP

http://www.cedip.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/siteon-2.pngLe CEDIP - Centre d’Évaluation, de Documentation et d’Innovation Pédagogiques - constitue avec les CVRH le Centre Ministériel de Valorisation des Ressources Humaines, service à compétence nationale rattaché au Secrétariat Général (DRH) du ministère.
Le CEDIP intervient en appui et en conseil auprès des Services du ministère et assure des prestations en interministériel. Il peut aussi intervenir à l’international.
Le CEDIP agit principalement pour le compte des directions de programme, des réseaux d’appuis (CVRH) et des services déconcentrés. Il exerce ses missions à la demande des services, dans le cadre de conventions de partenariat.
Principales missions et activités

Le CEDIP intervient dans les domaines du management des compétences et de l’ingénierie de la formation, touchant principalement les différents leviers de la gestion du personnel, des compétences et de la formation que sont:
    * la gestion prévisionnelle des emplois et des compétences au plan national,
    * l’organisation et la gestion prévisionnelle des emplois et des compétences dans les services,
    * le recrutement, la gestion des parcours et des carrières,
    * la professionnalisation,
    * l’évaluation.
      En appui de ses missions d’assistance et de conseil, le CEDIP assure:
    * L’animation du site « Compétences et formation » sur lequel vous vous trouvez actuellement.
      Ce site est accessible à tous au sein du ministère (réseau Intranet).
      Le site est également accessible sur Internet, à l’adresse suivante :
      http://www.cedip.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/.
    * La publication du journal En Lignes (abonnement gratuit sur demande).
Modes d’intervention
Selon les objectifs de l’action ou la nature des projets, le CEDIP peut intervenir de façon différenciée et se positionner en tant que :
    * conseil à maîtrise d’ouvrage et appui méthodologique à projets,
    * réalisation d’études ou d’évaluations,
    * veille et capitalisation, diffusion de méthodes et d’expériences.
Fiches classées par thème

Les fiches du CEDIP sont mises à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité-Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 2.0 France.
Compétences (ensemble du thème):
Le thème central des contenus de ce site.
Compétences des individus:Une approche centrée sur les personnes
Compétences des collectifs de travail: Approche centrée sur les organisations
Management et GRH: Fiches consacrées à la gestion des ressources humaines
Professionnalisation: Concevoir et mettre en œuvre des actions de développement des compétences, utiliser diverses modalités au delà des seules actions de formation...
Évaluation: Démarches, niveaux, phases et acteurs...
Pédagogie: Ressources et outils pour les formateurs
Management des connaissances: Ou Knowledge management : méthodes, démarches de capitalisation...
Individualisation: Individualisation des parcours, de la formation, gestion personnalisée...
Formation à distance, e-learning: Un thème en plein essor, porté par les technologies de l’information et de la communication électronique
Outils transversaux: Des outils plus généraux tels que tableaux de bord, techniques d’animation de réunions, modalités de formation...
http://www.cedip.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/siteon-2.png The CEDIP - Assessment Centre, Documentation and Pedagogical Innovation - is with the Center CVRH Ministerial Human Resource Development, national service attached to the Secretariat General (HRD) Ministry.
Evaluation: Approaches, levels, stages and actors...
Pedagogy: Tools and Resources for Trainers
Knowledge management: Knowledge management Or: methods, approaches capitalization...
Individualization: Individualization of course, training, custom management...
Distance learning, e-learning: A theme booming, driven by information technology and electronic communication
Cross-cutting tools: Tools such as broader dashboards, meeting facilitation techniques, training methods. More...
30 mai 2012

Stratégie de l'OCDE sur les compétences

Logo de l'Agence Régionale de la Formation tout au long de la vie (ARFTLV Poitou-charentes)Les ministres des pays de l'OCDE et de six pays partenaires se sont rassemblés à Paris du 23 au 24 mai 2012 dans le cadre de la réunion annuelle du conseil de l'OCDE cdont le thème cette année était « Tous à bord: des politiques en faveur d’une croissance inclusive et de l’emploi ».
Les Ministres ont notamment donné leur aval à la Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences, qui encourage les gouvernements à investir dans les compétences et l’éducation afin d’améliorer l’employabilité. Ils ont reconnu l’utilité de la Stratégie pour aider les pays à identifier les atouts et les faiblesses de leurs systèmes nationaux de compétences, à les comparer entre les pays et à élaborer des mesures capables de favoriser l’amélioration des compétences, avec à la clé de meilleurs emplois.
Les Ministres se sont engagés à mener une réflexion sur les recommandations pour l’action publique formulées dans la Stratégie et à prendre des mesures concrètes pour encourager l’acquisition des compétences nécessaires et assurer une meilleure adéquation entre les compétences disponibles et celles dont le marché du travail a besoin.
Les Ministres ont également soutenu la création d’un portail électronique interactif dédié aux compétences – baptisé Skills@OECD – qui permettra d’accéder aux données et analyses les plus récentes de l’OCDE sur les compétences.
Les Ministres ont pris note de l’intention de la Présidence d’accueillir une réunion informelle des Ministres de l’Éducation les 2 et 3 octobre 2013, qui sera consacrée au développement des compétences.
En savoir plus sur la stratégie de l'OCDE sur les compétences ou l'ensemble des conclusions du Conseil de l'OCDE.
Logo de l'Agence Régionale de la Formation tout au long de la vie (ARFTLV Poitou-charentes) Ministri z krajín OECD a šesť partnerských krajín zišli v Paríži od 23. do 24. mája 2012 ako súčasť výročného zasadnutia Rady OECD cdont Tohtoročná téma bola "Všetci na palubu: politika pre inkluzívny rast a zamestnanosť ".
Ministri schválila najmä stratégie OECD o zručnosti, nútiť vlády k investíciám do zručností a vzdelávania s cieľom zlepšiť zamestnateľnosť.
Oni uznali užitočnosť stratégie pomoci krajinám identifikovať silné a slabé stránky svojich vnútroštátnych právomocí, porovnanie medzi krajinami a vytvoriť opatrenia, ktoré môžu pomôcť zlepšiť ich zručnosti, s Kľúčom k lepšej práci. Viac...
23 mai 2012

Passport to new age skills

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/12520450.cmsThe 21st Century requires global perspectives with ability to work seamlessly with people from diverse backgrounds. International education is an effective way to acquire skills that are essential if one wants to be a part of global teams. Universities in every corner of the globe welcome Indian students as they add a different perspective to a class.
In a new trend, students are opting for unconventional programmes like fashion styling, film-making, script writing, acting, music production, adventure sports, production design, environmental sciences, sustainable energy, culinary arts and games development, among others.
Netherlands, for instance, is offering several courses in water management, while France offers an array of luxury brand management programmes. Universities in Germany are making waves with their research initiatives in modern transport engineering, bio-sciences and energy solutions. Caribbean and Russian colleges, on the other hand, are emerging as destinations for medical studies. Sports and allied fields, including sports psychology, sports physiotherapy and sports nutrition, are niche areas in Australian colleges, while marine engineering and marine sciences are on offer at coastal universities (Florida, California, Hawaii, Philippines, Southampton and Gold Coast).
If you have suddenly woken up to find out that application deadlines are over, do not panic. There are many universities in the US, Canada, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand who have 'rolling admissions,' which means they will continue to accept applications till they have seats, right up to the end of June for the session starting in Fall 2012. In fact, a large number of universities in each country have multiple intakes throughout the year - in January, May and September - making it convenient for students to apply.
UK's common application process, UCAS, is open for international students till June 30, for entry to most degree programmes in September 2012. Also, several universities are using technology to conduct online courses, which carry full credit for students who decide to skip a semester. Even a year's credits may be earned through these various online courses and Advanced Placement programme, making it possible for students to join universities a little later in the academic cycle.
Karan Gupta
Despite high costs of an American education, with an average tuition fee of $30,000 (approx) per year, US still remains a popular choice with Indian students. One of the reasons is the flexibility the universities offer in terms of creating your own programme at the UG level. In the US, you can apply for a major called 'undecided' and after two years of taking classes in various streams, you can declare a specific major. The earliest intake that students can try for is January 2013. For admissions, students will need SAT and TOEFL scores. The popular courses at the UG-level include computer science, engineering, business management and liberal arts. You can consider applying for a course in medicine, dentistry or even marketing in the UK. For automobile engineering, Germany offers several options. And for design and luxury brand management, take a look at colleges in Italy and France.
For admissions, you are likely to need TOEFL or IELTS. The degrees are generally of three years' duration (medical/health-related courses are of longer duration with additional entrance criteria) and your fee will be around £15,000 per-annum. For hotel management, Australia is a good option with the main intake in February. There is an option overseas for every requirement.
15 mai 2012

Regional and Local Skills Monitoring

http://www.regionallabourmarketmonitoring.net/www.regionallabourmarketmonitoring.net/img/logo_neu.gifAnnual Meeting, 12 October 2012, Krakow, Poland.
The next annual meeting will take place on 12 October 2012 in Krakow, Poland, hosted by the Labour Market and Education Observatory of Malopolska. The conference will cover the topic of regional and local skills monitoring based on the work done for the network anthology 2012.
The annual conference of the network is open to all interested persons and parties. It will provide the opportunity for a lively and intense discussion. The programme is still in progress and suggestions/ideas for programme items, experts and a keynote speaker are very welcome. 
Initiative for Networking Regional and Local Labour Market Observatories Across Europe:
European Day 2012: “Practical Approaches of Measuring Geographical Mobility in Regional and Local Labour Market Observatories”
The 3rd European Day will take place on 11 October 2012, hosted by the “Regional Labour Office in Krakow – Labour Market and Education Observatory of Malopolska” in Krakow, Poland.

Based on the earlier work within the European Network on Regional Labour Market Monitoring in 2011 the Initiative for Networking Regional and Local Labour Market Observatories Across Europe has chosen to further the topic of geographical mobility. A practical approach to this topic includes discussions with experts in the field of regional and local labour market monitoring to further and specify concepts and instruments. Proposals and ideas on the programme, experts and topics are still welcome!
Database of Regional and Local Labour Market Observatories

The online
database for a better and faster exchange, cooperation and communication between regional and local labour market observatories is successfully running. Information about the working fields, topics, expertise and knowledge of labour market observatories across Europe are shared within this database. Everybody is appealed to promote this online database to enhance the quality and efficiency of this exchange instrument. All labour market observatories are welcome to register in this online database and to share information about their work, topics, expertise, etc.
The Network on Regional Labour Market Monitoring
is a European-wide, non-profit organisation to further concepts and instruments in the field of Regional Labour Market Monitoring. The aim is to distribute common methods for the study, research and analysis of regional labour market monitoring. The overall objective is to promote a better understanding of the functioning of the Regional Labour Market Monitoring as an essential instrument for labour market strategies in accordance with the European Employment Strategy.
Institutes, organisations and companies from 26 countries all over Europe are active members of the European Network on Regional Labour Market Monitoring to improve regional labour market monitoring. The main aim of this web site is to support the exchange and distribution of information about news, work, challenges and aims of regional labour market monitoring.
Ruth Hasberg. Networkmanager, European Network on Regional Labour Market Monitoring - IWAK - Institute for Economics, Labour and Culture, Center of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Gräfstraße 78, 60486, Frankfurt am Main; phone: +49/(0)69-798-23962. www.iwak-frankfurt.de; www.regionallabourmarketmonitoring.net.

12 mai 2012

The OECD Skills Strategy

http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/35/47730688.jpgMinisterial Meeting 2012: Investing in people - The OECD Skills Strategy. 23-24 May 2012, OECD Conference Centre, Paris, France.
Skills have become the global currency of 21st century economies. At a time when growing economic and social inequalities are a major challenge, effective skills policies must be part of any response to address it.
The OECD is preparing a Skills Strategy with the aim of fostering a cross-government, peer-learning approach towards improving the supply of, anticipating the demand for, and optimising the use of skills in the workforce to promote economic growth and social inclusion.
The OECD Skills Strategy
.
Knowledge and skills are infinite – oil is not

Blog by Andreas Schleicher, Deputy Director and Special Advisor on Education Policy to the OECD's Secretary-General, 9 March 2012
Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
.
Education at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators
.
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
(PIAAC).
Leveraging training: skills development in SMEs
.
Taking stock of skills, 2011, OECD Observer
Towards and OECD Skills Strategy, Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, Paris, 25-26 May 2011
OECD work in education.

http://www.oecd.org/vgn/images/portal/cit_731/50/57/49898103skills.jpgThe OECD Skills Strategy
Skills: the global currency of the 21st century
Skills have become the global currency of 21st century economies. Without sufficient investment in skills, people languish on the margins of society, technological progress does not translate into productivity growth, and countries can no longer compete in an increasingly knowledge-based global economy. And, at a time when growing economic and social inequalities are a major challenge, effective skills policies must be part of any response to address this challenge. But this ‘currency’ depreciates as skill requirements of labour markets evolve and individuals lose the skills they do not use. For skills to retain their value, they must be continuously maintained and upgraded throughout life so that people can collaborate, compete and connect in ways that drive economies forward.
Challenges for skills policies are manifold

Many countries have developed strategies to improve the skills level of their citizens, but their success in implementing them varies widely. And many continue to struggle with low levels of adult basic skills, problems of skills mismatch, skills shortages and unemployment.
How can the OECD Skills Strategy help?

The OECD is preparing a Skills Strategy with the aim of fostering a cross-government, peer-learning approach towards improving the supply of, anticipating the demand for, and optimising the use of skills in the workforce to promote economic growth and social inclusion.
The OECD Skills Strategy action plan
Gathering and analysing data

We are currently integrating the information on skills from several work areas of the OECD, including education, labour, local economic development, tax, research and innovation. We are using this information to produce the OECD Skills Strategy.
Developing good-practice guidelines

The OECD, in co-operation with member and partner countries and the social partners, will also identify and develop a set of good practices for financing skills-development programmes and formulating sound, inclusive and effective skills policies. All of this will feed into a comprehensive Skills Strategy to guide countries in developing better skills policies for better lives.
Towards an OECD Skills Strategy and beyond

The OECD Skills Strategy will figure on the agenda of OECD Week 2012 and be launched in May 2012, along with an online skills portal that will feature compelling skills data, country-specific information and policy pointers for developing, supplying and using our global talent pools. In 2013, we will release the OECD Skills Outlook, which will feature new data from the Adult Skills Survey (Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies [PIAAC]). The OECD Skills Outlook will be published on a regular basis with updated data and analysis.
http://www.oecd.org/vgn/images/portal/cit_731/63/18/49272073cover_leveraging_training.jpgLeveraging training: skills development in SMEs.
This project seeks to identify ways to overcome the barriers to workforce development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
The pool of SME workers requiring further education and training is significant. However, SMEs often find it difficult to support formal learning activities due to their low critical mass.
Small enterprises are more inclined to participate in knowledge intensive activities as a way of learning new operational techniques and procedures that will help them to be more innovative and creative.
These competence building activities are largely performed in-house, are interactive and can involve external resources from other companies or organisations.
11 mai 2012

Enterprise education: making academic and business skills compatible

Caroline Usei at Swansea Met tells Eliza Anyangwe why entrepreneurship is less about start-ups and more about ideas - which are vital in higher education.
I was a mature student, when after working several years in management, I did my first degree - a business course at a local further education college. My involvement in enterprise education started when, in 2003, I took on the role of entrepreneurship champion at that college, where I was now also working as a part-time lecturer. In Wales, all of the education institutions, further and higher education, have to have a post which is called the entrepreneurship champion (EC). The champion's role involves proactively engaging with students and the educational institution to encourage them to be more entrepreneurial. A lot of the time, the EC's engaging with the academics to try to get them to put more entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial teaching into their courses, so that students begin to engender those entrepreneurial skills.
When a student is nearing graduation, if they have a propensity towards entrepreneurship, they already have the skills needed to start their own ventures as they've developed them within their course. The EC will also get involved in other projects that are going on within Wales and nationally, in Europe and internationally. They do so to contribute to those different projects but also to raise the profile of entrepreneurship within their own institution. I became an enterprise educator when I took on a full-time lectureship at Swansea Met University in September 2009 and now I am the programme director on a new qualification to educate enterprise educators. The qualification which is being piloted by Swansea Met is an accredited module within our Professional Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) for the Post Compulsory Education and Training (PCET) sector.
The module was developed in collaboration with the Welsh Enterprise Educators Network (WEEN). The consortia wanted a qualification, offered to educators, that would encourage them to use entrepreneurship within their teaching. The entrepreneurial educators module is about getting educators thinking about how they can be more entrepreneurial, and not to just stand up in front of a class and talk at people for hours. They've got to take a more entrepreneurial approach to teaching and also engender those skills in their learners. The Welsh government funds WEEN and is very keen for us to share the module with anyone who wants it. That's where the consortia is important. It encourages us to share best practice so that we're not doing something wrong and not know it. Any educational experience has got to be evaluated so that we're able to develop best practice we can share with other institutions.
Though the findings of the pilot are widely available, there hasn't been much take up, showing that so many institutions don't prioritise enterprise education. We're quite lucky within Swansea Met in that enterprise education has become part of our culture. There's other institutions where it might not be. There are those who suggest keeping enterprise education separate from academic activity but if you offer skills development as an extracurricular activity chances are you won't get many takers because students are already time poor, most of them have to work part-time and many already have a heavy workload. They're not going to be too interested in doing any extra curricular activities. So the idea is to try to embed it within the curriculum so that they're doing it without really realising.
I don't think there needs to be a divide between the entrepreneurial and the academic because it's easy to build those skills into any discipline. Entrepreneurship needn't automatically mean business enterprise and start ups. The PGCE teaches educators to regard entrepreneurship more broadly. One of my students on the module is a nurse and for her entrepreneurship is about coming up with ideas to improve processes. Obviously, there are certain procedures you don't want a nurse to experiment with but there are also many which can be improved and what an enterprise education gives her are the skills to work out for herself how systems can be improved. We'll ask: "What do you think would be the best process for doing that?" Then by looking at the process that is currently used, we ask how can it be changed or modified to make it better.
Having left school with very little by way of qualifications, I then thought: "Gosh, I'm not going to go anywhere here, I need to go back and do something more," I feel that I am a testament to the fact that entrepreneurship is first about seizing opportunities. It is not about turning academics or students into business people but about helping them look at life through entrepreneurial eyes - especially in today's job market. An entrepreneurial employee is valuable. From an employers perspective, if you have two graduates standing in front of you and one of them has just got a degree and the other one has got a degree but also has all these skills, it's obvious which one the employer will choose.
5 mai 2012

Consolider les compétences

http://ic.pressflex.com/305.pressflex.net/images/masthead.jpg?9f8a1119cafe200d9c2a762b7bd1edc1Dans la compétition entre économies avancées, il est crucial d’avoir une main-d’oeuvre qualifiée. Mais comment les travailleurs peuvent-ils s’adapter à l’évolution très rapide des marchés du travail ? La Stratégie de l’OCDE sur les compétences, qui sera lancée en mai prochain parallèlement à une vaste étude sur les compétences des adultes, propose des solutions.
Le chômage atteint des niveaux record dans les pays développés. Or, en 2009, tandis que la crise économique battait son plein, plus de 40 % des employeurs en Australie, au Japon, au Mexique et en Pologne déclaraient éprouver des difficultés à trouver les travailleurs possédant les compétences adéquates. Parallèlement, un tiers des travailleurs se considèrent surqualifiés pour le poste qu’ils occupent, alors que 13 % d’entre eux estiment qu’ils ne le sont pas assez.
L’équilibre entre les secteurs d’emploi et les compétences exigées par ces secteurs s’est modifié au cours des cinquante dernières années. Que ce soit dans l’industrie lourde, les services ou les technologies intelligentes, les emplois traditionnels comme les nouveaux emplois exigent des travailleurs plus qualifiés. Les besoins des employeurs en compétences spécifiques évoluent constamment, et sont par conséquent difficiles à anticiper.
Depuis les années 1980, la majorité des pays s’emploie à accroître la proportion des diplômés de l’enseignement secondaire qui entament un cycle d’enseignement postsecondaire et supérieur. Des niveaux d’instruction plus élevés sont généralement associés à des taux de chômage plus faibles et à des revenus plus importants. À l’inverse, il est coûteux pour les gouvernements de prendre en charge des individus peu qualifiés, qu’ils soient au chômage ou sous-employés.
La tâche n’est pas aisée. Même dans les pays les plus avancés économiquement, une grande proportion de la population adulte est faiblement alphabétisée. D’après l’Enquête internationale sur la littératie des adultes, entre un quart et trois quarts des adultes ne disposent pas des compétences nécessaires pour répondre aux exigences du monde moderne. L’Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes, révèle quant à elle qu’en général, les individus possédant de faibles compétences de base en lecture, écriture, calcul et résolution de problèmes tendent à être économiquement défavorisés au cours de leur vie.
En période de crise économique, même les travailleurs qualifiés sont vulnérables. La sous-utilisation des compétences – qu’elle repose sur une inadéquation entre les compétences des employés et celles requises par le poste ou sur une exclusion totale des travailleurs du marché du travail – représente un gaspillage des ressources qui ont été investies pour forger ces compétences. Pire encore, toute compétence non utilisée risque de se dévaloriser, voire de disparaître.
Face aux aléas du marché du travail, tous les travailleurs, quel que soit leur niveau d’instruction, doivent être prêts à acquérir de nouvelles compétences et à s’adapter à l’évolution de la demande. Les jeunes qui entrent aujourd’hui sur le marché du travail seront sûrement amenés à changer d’employeurs, voire de postes, plusieurs fois au cours de leur vie professionnelle (qui sera plus longue). Ils doivent être capables de gérer l’incertitude et le changement, tout en étant productifs dans un contexte de plus en plus concurrentiel. En plus des compétences professionnelles, ils doivent posséder des compétences plus générales dans les savoirs de base (lecture, écriture, calcul), la résolution de problèmes et le raisonnement analytique, mais aussi les qualités relationnelles, l’aptitude à travailler en équipe, la capacité à utiliser les technologies de l’information et de la communication et, tout simplement, la capacité à apprendre. Par conséquent, les politiques publiques de l’éducation devront être ajustées pour mettre l’accent sur l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie, en plus de la formation, au cours des années de scolarité obligatoire.
Plus globalement, les gouvernements doivent adapter l’offre de compétences à la demande. Pour les éclairer sur la marche à suivre, l’OCDE lancera en mai 2012 sa Stratégie sur les compétences. Celle-ci a pour objectif d’aider les gouvernements à évaluer et améliorer la conception et la mise en oeuvre de leurs politiques nationales relatives à l’offre et à la demande de compétences.
Cette stratégie s’appliquera à l’ensemble de l’administration et associera les ministères de l’Éducation, de l’Immigration, de la Famille, de la Science et de la Technologie, ainsi que de l’Emploi. Les syndicats, organisations d’employeurs, chambres de commerce, organisations non gouvernementales, universités et autres entités concernées sont également associés à l’élaboration de cet instrument d’action rentable et pragmatique.
La Stratégie s’appuiera sur des données provenant de sources éprouvées et fiables de l’OCDE, telles que le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA), qui évalue le niveau d’acquisition, par des élèves de 15 ans du monde entier, des connaissances et des compétences nécessaires pour s’intégrer pleinement dans les sociétés modernes. Elle s’inspirera également d’une nouvelle étude majeure, le Programme pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (connu sous l’acronyme anglais PIAAC), qui mesure le niveau et la répartition des compétences, avant tout professionnelles, chez les adultes.
Le PIAAC, dont la première série de résultats sera publiée en 2013, est l’enquête internationale la plus complète jamais menée sur les compétences des adultes. Elle s’appuie sur des entretiens menés dans 26 pays participants auprès de quelque 5 000 adultes de 16 à 65 ans. Menés entre fin 2011 et début 2012, ces entretiens visent à déterminer le niveau de competences des personnes interrogées, ainsi que l’usage qu’elles en font dans les cadres professionnel et privé. L’évaluation est axée sur la résolution de problèmes dans des environnements à forte composante technologique, ainsi que sur les savoirs fondamentaux en écriture, lecture et calcul, notamment la reconnaissance des mots, le vocabulaire et l’aisance linguistique.
Ces projets ambitieux sont nécessaires. S’ils parviennent à instaurer un cadre à l’élaboration et à la mise en oeuvre de mesures permettant d’exploiter au mieux le capital humain de chaque pays et de favoriser le développement des compétences individuelles, il s’agira déjà d’une belle réussite.
Voir aussi: www.oecd.org/education-fr. Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA); OCDE (2011), Élaborer une stratégie en faveur des compétences, Paris, voir: www.oecd.org/education/SkillsStrategy. OCDE (2010), “The OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies”, brochure, Paris. Voir www.oecd.org/PIAAC.
©L'Observateur de l'OCDE n° 287 T4 2011.
30 avril 2012

Ingénieurs - les compétences qui vont faire la différence

http://www.objectifcarriere.fr/design/wzfafiec/images/header_logo.gifQue ce soit dans l'automobile, l'industrie, l'énergie ou le bâtiment, le secteur de l'ingénierie connaît une internationalisation croissante. Si les recruteurs recherchent toujours des collaborateurs ayant un bon niveau technologique, ils leur demandent aussi de savoir s'adapter à d'autres cultures et de parler plusieurs langues. Les sociétés d'ingénierie souhaitent également des collaborateurs polyvalents qui puissent en cas de crise, glisser facilement d'un domaine à l'autre.
Le secteur de l'ingénierie en 2011 a beaucoup recruté: "nous venons de vivre une croissance organique très forte ces 2 dernières années. Nos effectifs ont augmenté de 50% en 2011 et, nous sommes désormais 700 en France" explique Agnès Vogt-Raynaud, DRH de la filiale Bertrandt en France, société d'ingénierie automobile. "L’activité de notre entreprise croît de plus de 15% par an dans l'énergie nucléaire. La part de la pétrochimie, du gaz et des transports augmente également beaucoup" ajoute Mylène Boïk, responsable RH du Groupe Assystem.
Des Compétences techniques pointues

En automobile, les compétences liées aux systèmes d'information et logiciels embarqués sont recherchés. "Il y a des opportunités pour les ingénieurs en électricité et en électronique. Nous recherchons également des profils qui connaissent le multimédia" souligne Agnès Vogt-Raynaud, dont l'entreprise a créé une centaine de postes dans les métiers électroniques. Suite.
Parler des langues étrangères

L'ingénierie française s'internationalise. En automobile, par exemple, "nous avons besoin de profils techniques avec également des compétences linguistiques car, ils peuvent travailler avec l'Espagne, le Maroc, la Russie, l'Inde ou encore la Chin" note Xavier Ducatel, chef de projet chez Bertrandt.
"L'anglais est obligatoire: aussi bien oralement pour tenir une conversation dans le cadre de réunions techniques, qu'à l'écrit pour rédiger des notes techniques, des spécifications..." ajoute Estelle Bonte, responsable RH et recrutement de Tractebel Engineering France. En plus de cette connaissance des langues, les entreprises cherchent des collaborateurs ayant une bonne maîtrise des contrats anglo saxons. Suite.
La montée des certifications

Les certifications sont de plus en plus importantes pour les clients. "Il y a encore très peu de bureaux d'études dans le bâtiment qui soient certifiés ISO 9001 et ISO 14001. Nous avons déployé un chantier important avec pour objectif de bénéficier de cette double certification d'ici 2013 chez BETOM Ingénierie agence de Toulouse et Cap Terre" explique Marc Floderer directeur régional Sud-Ouest du Groupe BETOM et directeur adjoint de Cap-Terre.
Il engage progressivement, en parallèle, une démarche RSE dans le cadre de la certification ISO 26 000. "Cette politique qualité constitue un élément différenciant, notamment auprès des collectivités locales ayant engagé des politiques développement durable" conclut Marc Floderer. ♦ C.CH. Suite.
http://www.objectifcarriere.fr/design/wzfafiec/images/header_logo.gif Či už v oblasti automobilového priemyslu, priemyslu, energetiky, stavebníctva, strojárstva zažíva rastúcej internacionalizácie. Ak náborář vždy hľadajú zamestnanca s dobrou úrovňou techniky, ale tiež požiadať ich schopnosť prispôsobiť sa iným kultúram a hovorí niekoľkými svetovými jazykmi. Strojárskej firmy aj zamestnancov, ktorí chcú si multi-krízy, pošmyknutím jednoducho z jednej oblasti do druhej. Viac...
28 avril 2012

Integrating skills and the world of work

http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Images-UserInterface/bg_cedefopLogo.gifSkills mismatch and firm dynamics - Integrating skills with the world of work
Cedefop is organising in cooperation with the Centre for Research in Employment, Skills & Society (CRESS) a workshop on skill mismatch.
The aim of the workshop is to obtain a clearer insight into the relationship between work-based training, work organisation/human resource policies (e.g. recruitment, training, wage policies and performance appraisals, career development, job design) and skill mismatch within enterprises (see attached background note for a summary of the workshop's aims and objectives).
The objective is to strengthen our understanding of the incidence and impact of mismatch in different types of skills for firm performance, and of the underlying motives and incentives of enterprises with respect to the recruitment, training and career development of mismatched workers. The discussion of the workshop is intended to inform the European Commission’s policy goal of anticipating and matching the skills of the European workforce with the current and future skill needs of enterprises (e.g. Agenda for New Skills and Jobs).
Keynote speakers to the event include Prof. Michael Sattinger (University at Albany, New York) and Prof. Kostas Mavromaras (Flinders University, Adelaide, S. Australia). The workshop will also feature presentations by Dr. S. McGuiness (ESRI), Dr. F. Rycx (University Libre de Bruxelles), Dr. G. Mason (NIESR), Dr. R. Homkes (LSE) and representatives from Eurofound (Dr. M.Curtarelli) and the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) (Dr. A. Baron). A panel discussion session will host Dr. K. Rudiger (CIPD), Dr. W. Mueller (Director, German Federal Employment Agency, European Representation) and Professor K. Mayhew (Oxford University, Director of SKOPE) as speakers. Download Final agenda_Mismatch workshop.
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