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8 juillet 2016

Taux d’emploi des femmes - Quels liens avec la situation de couple au fil des générations ?

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Au cours des dernières décennies, les femmes se sont rapprochées des hommes en termes d’emploi, malgré des comportements d’activité différents qui intègrent une dimension familiale forte. La hausse importante des taux d’emploi des femmes s’est accompagnée d’un renversement des situations respectives des femmes en couple et des femmes seules. Les femmes en couple, nées avant les années 1960, sont moins souvent en emploi que les femmes seules. Sur les générations suivantes, la situation s’inverse. Le niveau d’études des femmes seules baisse relativement à celui des femmes en couple et le lien à l’emploi des femmes en couple se renforce. Les femmes en couple, nées dans les années 1960-1970, sont alors plus souvent en emploi que les femmes seules. Si les taux d’emploi des femmes se rapprochent ainsi de ceux des hommes, les déterminants et la forme de l’emploi restent différents. La croissance de l’emploi des femmes en couple est permise par la baisse de l’inactivité aux âges d’éducation des enfants, mais elle est aussi modérée par l’augmentation du temps partiel. Pour les femmes, plus longue est la durée passée en couple, plus grande est la distance à l’emploi à temps complet. Cette situation opposée à celle des hommes rend compte de la spécificité des comportements d’activité des femmes, qui lient vie professionnelle et vie familiale, et affecte leur progression sur le marché du travail.

Dares Analyses- 037 - Taux d’emploi des femmes : quels liens avec la situation de couple au fil des générations ?

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