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2 janvier 2013

Tous les tests pour évaluer votre niveau d'anglais

A l'heure de la mondialisation, et avec l'Anglais reconnu comme « langue du business », établissements d'études supérieures et entreprises sont de plus en plus nombreuses à demander le passage de l'un ou l'autre des différents tests existants. C’est pourquoi il est utile de se renseigner sur la nature et l'intérêt de chacun de ces tests. Cette rapide description va détailler quels tests sont les plus difficiles ou les plus efficaces, quelles sont leurs spécificités, mais aussi quels sont les frais d'inscription.
Les principaux tests linguistiques

Le TOEIC® (Test of English for International Communication), le TOEFL® (Test of English as a Foreign Language) et les examens de Cambridge font partie des principaux tests linguistiques internationaux permettant d’évaluer le niveau en anglais des personnes non anglophones. Le TOEIC® et le TOEFL® sont des tests américains tandis que les examens de Cambridge sont britanniques. Le TOEFL® et les examens de Cambridge sont des tests universitaires souvent demandés à l’entrée des universités anglo-saxonnes, mais également utilisés de façon de plus en plus courante par les employeurs. Les tests plus ciblés comme le TOEIC® sont également exigés de façon croissante lors de l’accès à un nouveau poste en entreprise. A chacun de voir, selon son cursus et ses projets professionnels, quel(s) test(s) il a le plus intérêt à préparer et passer.
Tous ces tests fournissent une grille d’interprétation du score obtenu (ou de la note dans le cas des examens de Cambridge) corrélée à l’échelle européenne du Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les Langues (CECRL), qui permet de définir le niveau de langue du candidat depuis l’utilisateur élémentaire (niveaux A1 et A2) jusqu’à l’utilisateur expérimenté (niveaux C1 et C2) en passant par l’utilisateur indépendant (niveaux B1 et B2). Par exemple, on considère généralement que l’obtention du CPE, d’un score TOEIC® supérieur à 945, ou d’un score TOEFL® iBT compris entre 113 et 120 valide un niveau C2.
Les frais d'inscription

Ces tests sont payants, et il faut souvent compter entre 100 et 150 euros pour les passer. Il est donc important de bien choisir le moment où s’y inscrire, et de bien les préparer. Tous ces tests sont administrés par des organismes ou établissements agréés, par des professeurs agréés.
Chaque étudiant reçoit une évaluation précise de l’ensemble des compétences testées par ces tests ou examens, ainsi qu’un certificat attestant du score obtenu dans le cas du TOEIC® et du TOEFL®, ou d’une attestation de diplôme en cas de réussite à un examen de Cambridge.
Plus de renseignements sur les examens de Cambridge:
Le FCE (First = niveau intermédiaire) correspond au niveau B2 sur l'échelle européenne (équivalent du CLES 2); le CAE (Advanced = niveau avancé) correspond au niveau C1 sur l'échelle européenne; le CPE (Proficiency = niveau supérieur) est le niveau le plus élevé, qui correspond au niveau C2 sur l'échelle européenne. Il s'agit d'un examen difficile.
Voir aussi Les 30 ans du TOEIC.

Ag am an domhandaithe, agus an Béarla aitheanta mar "theanga gnó" institiúidí ardoideachais agus fiontair is mó an seans a lorg an sliocht de cheann amháin nó eile de na trialacha éagsúla atá ann cheana féin . Is é seo an fáth go bhfuil sé úsáideach chun foghlaim faoi nádúr agus luach gach ceann de na tástálacha. Beidh an cur síos gairid mion cad iad na tástálacha ar an deacra nó is éifeachtaí, cad iad na saintréithe, ach freisin cad iad na táillí. Níos mó...
28 décembre 2012

L’enseignement bilingue francophone, une priorité du CIEP

http://www.ciep.fr/actu/images/ciep_infos_enseignement-bilingue-francophone.pngL’enseignement bilingue francophone, une priorité de l’établissement
L’enseignement bilingue fait partie des missions historiques du CIEP. Aujourd’hui, son expertise et ses programmes de formation en la matière en font un acteur de référence.
Impliqué dès les années 1980 dans des activités de soutien au réseau des sections bilingues francophones implantées dans des systèmes éducatifs nationaux étrangers, le CIEP leur propose aujourd’hui une offre très structurée:
- la gestion d’un site Internet, Le fil du bilingue, créé en 2009 avec le concours du ministère des Affaires étrangères, proposant une cartographie de l’enseignement bilingue francophone et des ressources pédagogiques;
- l'organisation de séminaires de réflexion biannuels à Sèvres sur des thèmes variés ou pour des publics spécifiques;
- l'organisation de formations en France et à l’étranger de formateurs et d'enseignants du réseau des établissements bilingues francophones;
- une activité d’expertise au service de ce type d’enseignement: soutien à la conception des programmes, appui à l’élaboration de matériel pédagogique, évaluation linguistique…
Ces activités s'inscrivent dans le cadre des orientations définies par le ministère des Affaires étrangères. Elles s'appuient généralement sur le relais des services de coopération et d'action culturelle des ambassades de France à l'étranger et, depuis 2011, sur celui de l'Institut français.
Certaines de ces actions font appel à l'Association pour le développement de l'enseignement bi/plurilingue (ADEB) qui s'est créée dans la dynamique qu'a connu ce type d'enseignement.
Le CIEP contribue ainsi au renforcement de ces filières d’excellence pour l’enseignement du et en français dans les pays non francophones que le ministère des Affaires étrangères a décidé de distinguer, pour certaines d'entre elles, par la délivrance du LabelFrancÉducation, mission confiée à l’Agence pour l’enseignement français à l’étranger (AEFE).
Enseignement bilingue : définition
« Écoles de langue française, anglaise, allemande ou russe » en Bulgarie, « écoles bilingues » en Pologne, « parcours de formation bilingues » en Allemagne, « classes d’immersion » au Canada et aux États-Unis d’Amérique, « sections européennes ou de langues orientales » en France, enseignement de type EMILE (enseignement d’une matière intégré à une langue étrangère) ou CLIL (Content and language integrated learning) à la Commission européenne, ce type d’enseignement se caractérise par un apprentissage d’une langue vivante étrangère en contexte scolaire renforcé par un enseignement disciplinaire dans cette même langue. Il est généralement limité à une discipline ou deux (histoire, géographie ou disciplines scientifiques). La maîtrise souvent remarquable des élèves dans la langue vivante étrangère enseignée par l’approche EMILE explique le développement très important que connaît cet enseignement depuis les années 1990.

http://www.ciep.fr/actu/images/ciep_infos_enseignement-bilingue-francophone.png The bilingual teaching French as a priority the establishment
Bilingual education is part of the historic missions CIEP. Today, his expertise and training in the field make a benchmark.
Involved since the 1980s in activities supporting the network of French bilingual sections located in national education systems abroad, the CIEP their now offers a highly structured:
- Managing a website, the over bilingual, created in 2009 with the support of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, providing a mapping of bilingual francophone and educational resources. More...

23 décembre 2012

Les langues et l'Europe

Agence Europe-Education-Formation FranceLes objectifs en matière d'apprentissage des langues
L'Europe se caractérise par sa diversité culturelle et linguistique. Les citoyens européens sont de plus en plus amenés à échanger, travailler et vivre ensemble, et doivent être en mesure de communiquer. Développer les compétences linguistiques de chacun apparaît de plus en plus comme une nécessité.
La Commission européenne encourage la diversité linguistique, contribue à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'enseignement des langues au sein des différents systèmes éducatifs et crée pour les citoyens européens un environnement favorable à l'apprentissage des langues.
Consulter le site Europa de la Commission européenne sur les langues en Europe, la politique des langues, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des langues.

    Les textes de référence
    Les sites pour apprendre les langues
    L'intercompréhension entre les langues
Le Label européen des langues
Ce label fait partie des programmes transversaux mis en place par la Commission européenne dans le cadre de la promotion de l'apprentissage des langues et de la diversité linguistique dans les Etats membres.
Un appel à propositions est lancé chaque année.
Un des critères de sélection des candidatures est le caractère transférable des projets: "les initiatives doivent représenter une source potentielle d'inspiration pour d'autres groupes ou personnes dans des pays et des contextes différents. Elles doivent être adaptables à l'apprentissage d'autres langues ou à un apprentissage linguistique par des groupes d'âges différents".
Pour tout savoir sur le label et les organismes lauréats.
La radio pour écouter les langues et les parler!
Radio France Internationale a conçu « Mission Europe » comme un feuilleton radiophonique et multimédia pour apprendre les langues et les cultures. Par la voix de la radio, ce projet européen Lingua 1 propose une méthode d’apprentissage originale et interactive, propice à l’immersion dans un bain culturel et linguistique authentique.
Le multilinguisme d'après Leonard Orban, commissaire européen

Leonard Orban, membre roumain de la Commission européenne, a reçu en octobre 2006, du président José manuel Barroso, le portefeuille du multilinguisme. Rencontre avec le Commissaire qui fut le négociateur de la Roumanie pour son entrée dans l’Union européenne.
Agence Europe-Εκπαίδευση-Σχηματισμός Γαλλία Οι στόχοι της εκμάθησης γλωσσών
Η Ευρώπη χαρακτηρίζεται από την πολιτιστική και γλωσσική πολυμορφία της. Οι ευρωπαίοι πολίτες έχουν όλο και περισσότερο καλούνται να μοιραστείτε, να εργαστούν και να ζήσουν μαζί, και πρέπει να είναι σε θέση να επικοινωνήσει. Ανάπτυξη των γλωσσικών δεξιοτήτων του καθενός φαίνεται περισσότερο ως μια αναγκαιότητα. Περισσότερα...

23 décembre 2012

Recent reports stress the importance of language skills for business

European Commission logoCommunication and languages are crucial to business in a globalised economy. New evidence found in two reports published in the UK and in Ireland
Enterprises operating in international markets face many challenges with communication and languages. Two reports give an overview of the situation.
The Economist published the report Competing across borders: how cultural and communication barriers affect business. The survey was conducted between February and March 2012 and was targeted at 572 executives based in Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and Latin America. Interviews with independent experts and senior executives were also carried out.
The survey found out that almost two-thirds of organisations encounter difficulties with cross-border communication. Most companies understand the impact of effective cross-border communication but are not taking sufficient action to address the causes. In particular, almost 47% of them do not offer enough language training to their staff. However, half of the companies surveyed think that their workers need to speak another language in their job.
Another study was published by Forfás (Ireland's policy advisory board for enterprise and science) and by the Expert Group on Future Skills Needs (EGFSN). Key Skills for Enterprise to Trade Internationally sets out the skills and talent needed to drive Ireland’s trade and export performance in both existing and emerging overseas markets.
The report outlines the essential skills that individuals should develop to take employment opportunities arising within exporting companies. In particular, they need to improve foreign language proficiency.
The report makes specific recommendations to boost the supply of foreign language skills, in particular German, French, Spanish and Italian but also Mandarin Chinese, Russian and Arabic.
Read more on the Economist report and on the study published in Ireland.
23 décembre 2012

Learn English online: How the internet is changing language

BBCBy Jane O'Brien. Online, English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing.
When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814, the nation was far from united. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together and help create a new identity that would make the country truly independent of the British. Webster's dictionary, now in its 11th edition, adopted the Americanised spellings familiar today - er instead of re in theatre, dropping the u from colour, and losing the double l from words such as traveller. It also documented new words that were uniquely American such as skunk, opossum, hickory, squash and chowder.
An American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and Webster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70,000 entries. The internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at a much faster pace. There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. And with half the population of China now on line, many of them are written in Chinese. Read more...

23 décembre 2012

Do you speak English, Hinglish, Spanglish or Konglish?

European Commission logoOnline, English has become a common language for users from all over the world but the internet is changing the language
Today there are around 4.5 billion web pages worldwide and most of them are written in Chinese.
However, some linguists predict that within 10 years English will dominate the internet, although in forms very different to what we accept and recognise as English today.
People who speak English as a second language outnumber native speakers and they increasingly use English to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling.
Therefore you can find many "Englishes" on the net, including Indian English, or Hinglish, Spanglish (Spanish English) and Konglish (Korean English). These variations have existed for a long time within individual cultures, but they are now expanding online.
The internet, therefore, allows multiple languages to flourish and although English is expanding, other languages are pushing their way into English and are in the process of creating something new.
Read more on this.
22 décembre 2012

English Down, Languages Up

HomeBy Colleen Flaherty. After two years of growth in both English and foreign language faculty positions, English jobs are harder to find this year while foreign language jobs continue to grow, according to Modern Language Association data released Thursday.
Although the analysis of the Job Information List, released each year prior to the annual MLA convention, doesn’t include all jobs available within modern language departments, it’s seen as a reliable indicator of the job market in the current hiring season. Overall, MLA projects that 2012-13 will see about 11 percent more positions in foreign languages coupled with a 4 percent decline in English positions. In real numbers, that’s 1,246 jobs in foreign languages that were listed with the association, compared to 1,128 the year before. For jobs in English, that’s 1,191, compared to 1,235 a year ago.
Not since 1995-6 has hiring in the foreign languages exceeded hiring in English. Rosemary Feal, executive director of the MLA, attributed the upward foreign language trend to globalization initiatives that are increasingly part of colleges' and universities’ strategic plans, in addition to students’ increased interest in global and language studies. Read more...
11 décembre 2012

Cultural change towards multilingualism is needed

European Association for Education of AdultsPoliglotti4.eu final conference: Cultural change towards multilingualism is needed
The final conference of the Poliglotti4.eu project highlighted Europe´s linguistic wealth and emphasized the outcome of project achievements. It put the spot on the multilingual practices in European society. The conference aimed also at raising the voice of Europeans who live and work in multilingual Europe representing diverse fields such as art and culture, education and public spaces. The conference was held in Parma, Italy, on 15-16 November 2012. It was organised by the European Theatre Convention in collaboration with the Poliglotti4.eu Consortium and brought together experts and multilingual talents from across Europe.
Multilingualism from every angle
In order to achieve its objectives, the conference offered the participants the opportunity to discuss multilingualism in Europe: its presence in politics, economics and civil society and its role as a key to integration for European citizens. The event was also an occasion to illustrate the functioning of the civil society platform on multilingualism and to listen to fascinating life experiences of some talented polyglots (see video). The conference was enriched by penetrating theatre performances and funny videos on multilingualism in the hosting city. EAEA was in charge of chairing a round table on Adult Language Learning, which was part of the session titled "Multilingualism in civil society and public European spaces". Among the many topics discusses, the table focused on the main lacks in adult language learning: standardisation, quality assurance, political support and correct use of European tools and media.
Multilingualism observatory advocates the cause
Cultural change towards multilingualism was highlighted by the participants as a key need to encourage language learning in Europe. The conference was a successful step in this direction, as it tried to ensure that multilingualism remains a topic of debate and awareness in social, cultural, academic and political discourse, even in times of crisis. The Polilgotti.4eu project will be finishing at the end of 2012. Nevertheless, the multilingualism observatory, which contains projects´ outcomes, interesting best practice and useful language learning and teaching tools, will be available for 5 more years to foster multilingualism in Europe.Text: Francesca Operti.
More information:
EAEA's Poliglotti4.eu website

Poliglotti4.eu press release: Teatro Due in Parma to host the closing conference of the EU Multilingualism project Poliglotti4.eu
Poliglotti4.eu press release: Culture and Theatre are Key Motivators for a Multilingual Europe.
7 décembre 2012

Foreign languages: the 10 easiest to learn

http://bathknightblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/telegraph-logo.jpgBy Anne Merritt. The English language is closely related to many Germanic and Romance dialects, so when it comes to language study English speakers aren’t starting from scratch. Anne Merritt lists the 10 easiest to pick up.
We English speakers have a bad reputation in the world of language. According to a European Commission survey in 2012, 61 per cent of British respondents could not speak a second language. However, with growing foreign economies and more global communication than ever before, languages are becoming a crucial skill for professionals.
Ten easiest languages for native English speakers to learn.
The English language is closely related to many Germanic and Romance dialects, so when it comes to language study English speakers aren’t starting from scratch. Anne Merritt lists the 10 easiest to pick up.
Afrikaans
Like English, Afrikaans is in the West Germanic language family. Unlike English, its structure won’t make your head spin. A great feature of Afrikaans, especially for grammar-phobes, is its logical and non-inflective structure. Unlike English, there is no verb conjugation (swim, swam, swum). Unlike Romance languages, there is no gender (un homme, une femme in French)...
French

We can thank William the Conqueror for excellent, colour, identity, and about 8000 other French-derived English words left over from the Norman occupation. Linguists estimate that French has influenced up to a third of the modern English language, from the language of the courts in the 11th century to modern terms like je ne sais quoi, après-ski, and bourgeois...
Spanish
For language learners, a great feature of Spanish is its shallow orthographic depth – that is, in most cases, words are written as pronounced. This means that reading and writing in Spanish is a straightforward task...
Dutch
Another West Germanic cousin of the English language, Dutch is both structurally and syntactically familiar for English speakers. In terms of pronunciation and vocabulary, it parallels English in many ways, such as groen (green) or de oude man (the old man)...
Norwegian
This North Germanic language has consistent pronunciation and, for English speakers, some pretty breezy grammar. Norwegian and English have very similar syntax and word order. Verbs are an especially simple feature, with no conjugation according to number or person. The rules of conjugation are particularly straightforward, with a simple –e suffix for past tense, and –s for passive verbs...
Portuguese
Portuguese is grammatically similar to other Romance languages. One attractively simple feature is its interrogative form, which is expressed by intonation alone, not through rearranging phrases. We’re leaving now can become a question just by raising one’s voice at the end (“We’re leaving now?”) which is a natural linguistic habit of English speakers anyway. In Brazilian Portuguese, questions can also be posed through one catchall question tag: não é?
Swedish
Another Germanic language, Swedish shares many cognate words with English, such as konferens (conference), midnatt (midnight), and telefon (telephone). The syntax is also familiar to English speakers, with a Subject-Verb-Object structure, and verb conjugations which follow the same patterns and rules as in English grammar...
Italian
The most romantic of Romance language, Italian has a Latin-rooted vocabulary which allows for many Italian/English cognates, including foresta (forest), calendario (calendar), and ambizioso (ambitious)...
Esperanto
Esperanto advocate Leo Tolstoy claimed to have learned it in four hours. Most linguists class it among the easiest languages to learn, especially for Indo-European language speakers...
Frisian
This language is native to Friesland in the Netherlands, and is spoken by fewer than half a million people. Still, it is English’s closest sibling, uniquely connected in the tiny linguistic category of North Sea Germanic languages. The two parted ways, so to speak, when Old English and Old Frisian started evolving independently around the 8th century... Read more...

1 décembre 2012

Growth of English-taught programmes and courses in East Asia

Overview: Growth of English-taught programmes and courses in East Asia, ACA Newsletter guest article by Prof. Futao Huang, Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Japan.
There has seen a rapid increase in the numbers of English-taught programmes and courses at both undergraduate and graduate levels in China, Japan and South Korea in the past decade. Rationales and motivations driving the emergence and development of English-taught programmes and courses vary considerably among the three countries, but it is generally acknowledged that economic globalisation and internationalisation of higher education are common factors facilitating the internationalisation of university curriculum, including the development of English-taught programmes and courses.
Besides, in the case of East Asia, the decisive role of national governments should not be overlooked. For example, a document issued by the Ministry of Education of P. R. China in 2001 indicates that in the three years that followed, the percentage of courses taught in English among all the courses in the leading universities should go up from 5% to 10%, especially in such areas as Biology, Information Science, New Materials, International Trade, Law, and at the undergraduate level. At a policy level, though later than China and Korea, in 2008, Japan’s Government also launched the Global 30 programme as one of initiatives aiming to triple the number of foreign students by 2020. In order to achieve the goal, 13 universities, including 7 national and 6 private, were selected to play a central role in implementing the programme. These Global 30 universities were required to provide at least two English-taught degree programmes and accept more international students. Similar to China, since early 2000s, the South Korean Government has allocated additional budget for colleges and universities to increase the provision of English-medium teaching through various national programmes or projects, e.g., BK 21 project. Read more...

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