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22 septembre 2015

Open Access factsheet series: Monitoring the Transition to Open Access

Universities UKThis factsheet, the first in a series to monitor the transition to Open Access (OA) in the UK, summarises the findings of a study conducted by a consortium of experts, led by Research Information Network and also comprising of Elsevier, Research Consulting and the University of Sheffield.
It presents the key findings relating to five different aspects of OA implementation: the OA options available to authors; authors’ take-up of OA options; the levels of usage of OA articles; the financial stability of the transition to OA for universities; and the financial stability of the transition to OA for Learned Societies. More...

22 septembre 2015

The Diffusion of Academic Achievements: Social Selection and Influence in Student Networks

Peer group effects show the influence of student social environments on their individual achievements. Traditionally, a social environment is considered by researchers of peer effects as exogenously given. However, significant peers that affect performance are often those that are deliberately chosen. Students might choose their friends among peers with similar academic achievements. A dynamic analysis of student social networks and academic achievements is needed to disentangle social selection and social influence processes in network formation. Using data about the friendship and advice networks of first year undergraduate students, we show that friends tend to assimilate each others’ achievements and choose advisers with similar grades. We explain these results by social segregation based on student performance. The article contributes to the dynamic analysis of student social networks and the understanding of the nature of peer group effects in education. More...

22 septembre 2015

Des pistes pour accroître la réussite et la persévérance en enseignement supérieur

http://www.capres.ca/wp-content/themes/capres/img/logo.pngSoucieux de porter un regard complet sur les facteurs favorisant la réussite et la persévérance, le CAPRES s’est penché sur les données probantes qui sont produites à propos de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage.
L’enseignement et l’apprentissage, une thématique importante!
L’enseignement et l’apprentissage, cette thématique à laquelle une plus grande place sera faite dans les activités de veille du CAPRES, est au coeur de la réussite de l’étudiant. Les établissements qui s’efforcent de soutenir les étudiants qu’ils accueillent en élaborant des plans de réussite et en développant des mesures d’aide et des services, trouveront ici matière à réflexion ! Voir l'article...

22 septembre 2015

Do Native and Migrant Workers Contribute to Innovation? Patents Dynamic in France, Germany and the UK

Claudio Fassio
Lund University
Fabio Montobbio
University of Turin - Department of Economics and Statistics
Alessandra Venturini
University of Turin - Department of Economics; Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); European University Institute - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)


Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper No. RSCAS 2015/41

Abstract:     
This paper uses the French and the UK Labour Force Surveys and the German Microcensus to estimate the effects of different components of the labour force on innovation at the sectoral level between 1994 and 2005. The authors focus, in particular, on the contribution of migrant workers. We adopt a production function approach in which we control for the usual determinants of innovation, such as R&D investments, stock of patents and openness to trade. To address possible endogeneity of migrants we implement instrumental variable strategies using both two-stage least squares with external instruments and GMM-SYS with internal ones. In addition we also account for the possible endogeneity of native workers and instrument them accordingly. Our results show that highly-educated migrants have a positive effect on innovation even if the effect is smaller relative to the positive effect of educated natives. Moreover, this positive effect seems to be confined to the high-tech sectors and among highly-educated migrants from other European countries. More...

22 septembre 2015

The Aqua Book: guidance on producing quality analysis for government

Guidance for producing quality analysis for government.

Following the ‘Review of quality assurance of government analytical models’, a cross-departmental working group on analytical quality assurance was established. The Aqua Book is one of their products and is a good practice guide to those working with analysis and analytical models.

22 septembre 2015

Weighing the Options for Improving the National Postsecondary Data Infrastructure

Authors: Jamey Rorison, Ph.D. and Mamie Voight

Students, policymakers and institutions all need to have high quality data about how today's students access and pay for higher education - and what contributes to their success. But the data that are available now are woefully inadequate.
We need to improve the national postsecondary data infrastructure
The report thoroughly explores seven options for a national data solution:

  1. Creating a Federal Student Unit Record Data System (SURDS)
  2. Expanding, Leveraging, or Linking Government Data Systems
  3. Improving the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)
  4. Linking to Workforce Data Systems
  5. Linking State Longitudinal Data Systems
  6. Expanding the National Center for Education Statistics' (NCES') Sample Studies
  7. Leveraging National Student Clearinghouse Data

Based on feedback from the field, the report also comes to important conclusions, namely that a student-level data system would be the most nimble and comprehensive way to meet various stakeholders' data needs, but the ban on the creation of a federal SURDS provides a current political obstacle. Also, while many identified a unit record solution as the best solution, we must explore alternative solutions that could be executed in its absence - and any viable solution to improving the national postsecondary data infrastructure must carefully address issues of data privacy and security. More...

22 septembre 2015

European Universities during the Crisis: A Public Policy Perspective, with a Brief Excursion to the US

IDEAS homeThe crisis slowed down the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy (for the EU to become the most competitive region in the world). The crisis has aggravated the divergence between the North West of Europe and Southern Europe in labor productivity imparted by the knowledge economy. At the same time, equality of opportunity for participation in higher education seems to have been well-preserved in the EU Member States. This is in contrast to the US with its substantial higher private costs for university education. The relative stagnations in university education and research during the crisis is similar in Europe as in the US. Asian countries may – as a result – have improved their position in innovation. The room for maneuver of Governments of EU Member States to deal with universities (as with other public expenditures) was severely limited by the agreed upon maximum levels of the budget deficit and Government debt. Political institutions appear to determine the "code" for higher education expenditures. The quality of the minister responsible for higher education and the level of "trust" in the country may also the room for maneuver in setting university policy. More...

22 septembre 2015

Salaires dans le secteur privé et les entreprises publiques

Institut national de la statistique et des études économiquesEn 2013, le salaire net moyen baisse de 0,3 % en euros constants
Hélène Chaput, Christine Pinel et Lionel Wilner, département de l’Emploi et des revenus d’activité, Insee
En 2013, le salaire mensuel en équivalent temps plein (EQTP) dans le secteur privé ou dans les entreprises publiques est, en moyenne, de 2 912 euros bruts et de 2 202 euros nets des prélèvements à la source. Entre 2012 et 2013, le salaire net moyen a augmenté de 0,6 % en euros courants, après + 1,6 % entre 2011 et 2012. Compte tenu de l’inflation qui baisse (+ 0,9 % en 2013 contre + 2,0 % en 2012), il diminue en euros constants de 0,3 % par rapport à 2012, soit à peu près autant qu’entre 2011 et 2012 (– 0,4 %). Pour autant, le salaire net moyen des personnes qui restent en place dans le même établissement d’une année sur l’autre (environ la moitié des salariés) progresse, lui, de 1,3 % en euros constants, contre + 0,7 % en 2012. L’écart entre ces deux évolutions s’explique notamment par les effets des mouvements de la main-d’œuvre (embauches, départs à la retraite, etc.). Voir l'article...

22 septembre 2015

Les doctorants, ressource essentielle à la production de nouvelles connaissances

AccueilDes analyses montrent que, dans l’ensemble, les doctorants contribuent à une part non négligeable des activités de recherche des universités québécoises, et que leurs travaux de recherche ont un impact tout aussi élevé que les autres articles universitaires québécois.
Croissance du nombre de doctorants
Les doctorants sont une ressource essentielle à l’avancement des connaissances. Au cours de l’année académique 2012-2013, 50 772 étudiants étaient inscrits dans un programme de doctorat d’une université canadienne (15 354 au Québec) 1, et 6 456 ont diplômé la même année (1 833 au Québec) 2. Ces chiffres augmentent plus rapidement – et sont plus élevés! – que le nombre de professeurs dans les universités canadiennes, qui est passé de 30 399 en 2000-2001 à 41,934 en 2010-2011, soit une augmentation de près de 38 %. Voir l'article...

22 septembre 2015

Challenges numériques - Appel à manifestation d'intérêt

Ce nouvel appel à manifestation d’intérêt, lancé par le Programme des Investissements d’avenir, vise à soutenir le lancement de nouveaux challenges dans quatre axes prioritaires : Big Data, objets intelligents, prototypage et impression 3D, multitude et approches centrées utilisateurs. La clôture de cet appel est fixée au 5 janvier 2016.
Ces Challenges auront vocation à favoriser des démarches d’open innovation (« innovation ouverte ») entre d’une part des entreprises ou des entités publiques confrontées à des enjeux numériques, et d’autre part des startups ou PMEs fournisseures de technologies innovantes, afin de faire émerger des solutions radicalement nouvelles pour tous les acteurs. Voir l'article...

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