Exposition organisée par la Direction des Archives Royales en partenariat avec l’Institut du monde arabe.

La culture du livre et de l’écrit est indissociable de l’histoire du royaume du Maroc. Les Idrîssides n’ont-ils pas fondé la Quaraouiyine, la plus ancienne université au monde encore en activité ? Cet attachement profond est ici illustré avec éclat, au travers de manuscrits exceptionnels réunis pour la première fois.
Si l'on en croit Ibn Khaldoun, l’écriture est le reflet de l’organisation d’une société en même temps qu'un art qui porte témoignage du degré de civilisation d’une nation. Cette exposition nous invite à découvrir et à admirer un patrimoine manuscrit, legs de quatorze siècles d’histoire.
Composée de manuscrits rarissimes et pour la plupart jamais montrés ou sortis du Royaume, dont les plus anciens datent du ix^e siècle, de documents inédits, de pièces muséologiques d’une immense valeur historique et symbolique, l’exposition permet de lire et de relire les facettes de la culture marocaine.

Le séminaire de recherche hebdomadaire du Centre Paul-Albert Février a lieu le mardi de 16h à 18h à la Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme (salle 7). Ce séminaire est ouvert aux auditeurs externes : chercheurs, universitaires, mais aussi aux étudiants et à toute personne intéressée par les recherches du CPAF.

Mardi 13 décembre
Javier del Barco
"Le catalogue du futur ? Bases de données, métadonnées et enjeux scientifiques dans l’étude des manuscrits hébraïques".

Prochaine séance le 13 décembre de 16h à 18h, Javier del Barco, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC : "Le catalogue du futur ? Bases de données, métadonnées et enjeux scientifiques dans l’étude des manuscrits hébraïques". Salle 7, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, Aix-en-Provence.

Javier del Barco est spécialiste de codicologie hébraïque et de paléographie. Il étudie l’histoire des manuscrits hébreux de la fin du Moyen Age au début de l’époque moderne.

Les manuscrits de la Bible hébraïque en Europe occidentale au XIIe et XIIIe siècle : une approche matérielle, culturelle et sociale.
Le projet ANR MBH Manuscripta Bibliae Hebraicae a été sélectionné en 2015 dans le cadre du programme ACHN Accueil de chercheurs de Haut Niveau.
Ce projet porte sur la place de la Bible hébraïque en Europe Chrétienne Occidentale médiévale et sur l’histoire de sa transmission matérielle en Angleterre, France, Allemagne, et en Italie du Nord avant 1300. Voir le site...

William Shakespeare is hitting the road, and he’s bringing his first folio with him. Among his stops will be 20 colleges and universities across the country, beginning next week with the University of Notre Dame (IN).
The 1623 First Folio of Shakespeare contains 36 of his plays, including Macbeth, Julius Caesar and Hamlet. And now that folio is going on tour as part of the Folger Shakespeare Library’s First Folio! The Book That Gave Us Shakespeare. More...

Le EAJS Lab est un événement scientifique (conférences et workshop) qui traite de la transmission matérielle de la Bible hébraïque de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge.
Les intervenants réunis lors du colloque du mois de juin 2016, étudierons l’ensemble des méthodes de recherche employées dans les trois champs suivants : les manuscrits de la Mer Morte (DSS), de la Genizah du Caire (GC) et de la Genizah Européenne (EG).
Bien que ces sources soient de différentes périodes, espaces et milieux culturels, elles constituent les seules sources primaires dont nous disposons pour étudier la transmission de la Bible hébraïque. En dépit du fait que les DSS, GC et EG aient une thématique commune sur la transmission de la Bible hébraïque, les approches sont différentes. Alors que les DSS se focalisent plutôt sur la linguistique et la littérature, l’étude des Bibles hébraïques médiévales (CG et EG) se concentre sur la philologie, la paléographie et la codicologie.

La possibilité de consulter les manuscrits en ligne, le développement de base de données et d’autres nouveaux outils ont un impact croissant sur les pratiques de recherche. En invitant des spécialistes de la Bible hébraïque - doctorants, jeunes chercheurs et chercheurs confirmés - cet événement transdisciplinaire encouragera les participants à partager leurs méthodes et perspectives dans le but de soutenir de futures collaborations scientifiques.

L’événement se focalisera sur les questions suivantes :

 Quelles sont les approches d’étude des manuscrits bibliques hébreux ?
 Quelles sont les limites de ces approches ? - comment ces approches sont appliquées et mises en œuvre dans les DSS, CG et EG ?
 Comment les chercheurs de ces trois domaines pourraient bénéficier de pratiques communes et collaboratives ?
 Les outils numériques peuvent-ils rendre l’étude des sources plus rigoureuses ?
 Comment est-ce que les outils de recherche pourraient-ils être améliorés et répondre à la question de la transmission matérielle ?

Il y aura trois sessions dédiées chacune à un champs de recherche, introduite par une conférence magistrale. Une quatrième session présentera les projets de recherche actuels et futurs. Le dernier jour sera consacré à des séances de travail en groupe.

Contact organisation du colloque

Comité organisateur
 Élodie Attia, coordinatrice du projet, Centre Paul-Albert Février (CNRS - AMU)
 Samuel Blapp, doctorant, University of Cambridge, Fames
 Antony Perrot, doctorant EPHE, Sorbonne, Paris
Pour les contacter :
eajslab2016@gmail.com

De gauche à droite : Élodie Attia, Samuel Blapp et Antony Perrot

LIEU DU COLLOQUE

À la Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Du lundi 6 au mercredi 8 juin 2016.

Langue du colloque : anglais

Événement scientifique international financé par l’Association européenne des études Juives (EAJS) et la fondation EVZ - Berlin, en partenariat avec le Centre Paul-Albert Février, organisé par Élodie Attia, Samuel Blapp, et Antony Perrot.

 Consultez le programme sur le site dédié à l’événement

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This workshop will focus on the material transmission of the Hebrew Bible from Antiquity to the Middle Ages.

We will examine a range of research methods used in the three main fields of Hebrew Bible manuscript studies : Dead Sea Scroll, Cairo Genizah and European Genizot studies. Although Dead Sea Scroll (DSS), Cairo Genizah (CG) and European Genizot (EG) manuscripts date from different eras and come from a diversity of geographical and cultural backgrounds, they all constitute the only primary sources we have for the study of the transmission of the Hebrew Bible. As such, they provide various fields of research with important information about their background.

Although DSS, CG and EG studies share a common concern with the transmission of the Hebrew Bible, their research approaches differ. Whereas studies on the DSS focus mainly on linguistics and literature, the study of Medieval Hebrew Bible manuscripts (CG and EG studies) concentrates on philology, palaeography and codicology. The online availability of digitised manuscripts, the development of databases and other new research tools are also having an increasing impact on research practices.

Bringing together PhD students, early career researchers and established scholars working on Hebrew Bible manuscripts, this transdisciplinary event will encourage participants to share their research methods and approaches, in order to foster and encourage future transdisciplinary research collaborations between them.

In order to provide a focus for discussion this workshop will address the following questions :

 What are the approaches to the study of Hebrew Bible manuscripts (e.g. language, palaeography) ?
 What are the limits of these approaches (i.e. how much do they tell us) ?
 How are these approaches applied in DSS, CG and EG studies (e.g. are palaeographical approaches the same in all three fields) ?
 How can researchers in these three fields benefit from each others’ research practices ?
 Can digital tools make Hebrew Bible studies more rigorous ?
 What research tools are still needed to improve the study of the material transmission of the Hebrew Bible ?

There will be three sessions, each focused on a specific field of research : Dead Sea Scrolls, the Cairo Genizah and the European Genizah. Each session will be introduced by a keynote lecture. Short presentations (10-15 min) by the participants will follow. All participants will be asked to send a first draft of their paper one month prior to the event in order to give the other participants time to prepare for an extended discussion.

Language of conference : English

LOCATION

EAJS Lab, 6th to 8th June 2016, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, Aix-en-Provence (France).

International scientific conference funded by the European Association for Jewish Studies ( EAJS ) and the Foundation EVZ - Berlin, in partnership with the Centre Paul-Albert Février, organized by Elodie Attia, Samuel Blapp and Antony Perrot.

 See the Program

The organizers

 Élodie Attia, Main organizer, Centre Paul-Albert Février (CNRS - AMU)
 Samuel Blapp, PHD Student, University of Cambridge, Fames
 Antony Perrot, PHD Student, EPHE, Sorbonne, Paris. Voir l'article...

L’IRHT organise un stage annuel d’initiation au manuscrit médiéval et au livre humaniste, destiné aux étudiants de Master I et II et thèse en lettres, en philosophie, en histoire (notamment de l'enluminure). Le prochain stage aura lieu du lundi 17 au vendredi 21 octobre 2016 au Centre Félix-Grat, Paris.

The Cairo Genizah, discovered at the end of the 19th century, is a collection of over 200,000 fragmentary Jewish medieval texts (which may well equal three times that number of folios) that were stored in the loft of the ancient Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo, Egypt between the 8th and 17th centuries. These manuscripts outline a 1,000-year continuum of Middle-Eastern history and comprise the largest and most diverse collection of medieval manuscripts in the world.
Upon discovery, the fragmented manuscripts were hastily procured by private collectors and university libraries from Europe and North America. As a result, to date there is no exact accounting of the Genizah's contents or their whereabouts.
The Friedberg Genizah Project (FGP) was established to facilitate and rejuvenate Genizah research. It is achieving this goal by locating the Genizah manuscripts and then identifying, cataloging, transcribing, translating, rendering them into digital format (i.e., photographing) and publishing them online. FGP is operating in a joint venture with the Friedberg Jewish Manuscript Society Toronto, Canada.
The high-resolution digital images of the manuscripts (600 DPI, or dots per inch, the standard set by the Research Libraries International Organization) are, in a certain sense, "better" than the original manuscript because they can be visually enhanced by computer-generated viewing tools and can be accessed from any computer with internet access at the FGP's online research platform.
The huge academic interest generated by FGP is evidenced by the fact that the most prestigious university libraries in the world have signed copyright agreements with FGP, are participating in the project and are sharing their invaluable manuscript collections with the world. More...

Dead Sea Scrolls Session

Anna Busa
Title: Analysing phylacteries from the Judean Desert – A survey of linguistic features, textual content and the question of provenance

Abstract: Among the various discoveries of biblical scrolls from the Dead Sea nearly forty phylacteries have been discovered to date. Whereas most phylacteries from Qumran display high textual variation and diversity, so-called vulgar orthography and certain scribal styles, phylactery finds from other Judean Desert sites such as Muraba’at and Nahal Se’elim show textual choices and an orthography identical to the Classical Biblical Hebrew of the Masoretic Bible, and a production of the scrolls prescribed by later rabbinic sources.  This has led to the suggestion that the provenance of finds which stem from Qumran could be determined through their distinctive scribal practices. Yet, further phylacteries from Qumran as well as Nahal Hever exist, which display a mixture of the aforementioned characteristics and hence blur the clear-cut hypothesis with its opposing categories. Therefore, the genre of phylacteries presents an important link that gives a unique insight not only into the transmission process of the text of the Hebrew Bible and the development of the Hebrew language against the backdrop of a multilingual cultural environment, but also highlights the variety of Jewish religious practices during the Second Temple period.
The paper examines in an all-encompassing analysis the paleography, the linguistic features and the scribal practices (orthography, morphology, phonology, syntax) of the phylacteries as well as their textual content. These results are put into relation to the later prescribed (scribal and textual) rabbinic norms in order to contribute to the debate of the (non-)likelihood of a locally determinable and unique Qumran scribal practice.

Gilles Dorival
Title: LXX, between textual criticism and redactional criticism

Abstract: Can the LXX improve our knowledge ot the oldest Hebrew text? Sometimes, this is the case. But as a rule, the differences between MT and LXX cannot be explained in terms of textual criticism. Redactional reasons, that are literary/theological ones, must be taken into account.

Drew Glenn Longacre

Title: Methods for the Reconstruction of Large Literary (Sc)rolls
Abstract: In working with the Dead Sea Scrolls, scholars are confronted with a complex data set that is materially fragmentary, textually pluriform, and generally lacking in uniform scribal conventions. In such scholarly environments, material reconstructions of (sc)rolls play an especially important role, and many recent studies of the DSS and the Herculaneum papyri have attempted such reconstructions with great effect. In this paper, I will survey the methods utilized by scholars for reconstructing ancient literary (sc)rolls, focusing on the possibilities and limitations of the use of patterns of deterioration evident on the material remains for reconstructing the sizes, contents, and sequences of (sc)rolls. I will further propose several methodological refinements necessary for reconstructing large literary (sc)rolls, such as “biblical” manuscripts. I will also suggest that such methods have great potential for understanding the important fragmentary evidence from the so-called “silent period” between the DSS and the well preserved manuscripts of the 10^th century and later.

Matthew Monger
Title: 4Q216 and the Creation Account at Qumran and in the Greek and Syriac Chronicles

Abstract: In this paper I present a material philological analysis of 4Q216 (4QJubilees^a) fragments 12ii–18, and discuss ways in which the text of this manuscript is an important part of the reception of the Creation account both among the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the works of the Greek and Syriac Chroniclers.
The first part of the paper studies the manuscript as an artifact and discusses questions related to the nature and purpose of the manuscript, proposing that 4Q216 may originally not have been more than the Jubilees creation account, transmitted separately from the rest of the work. The second part of the paper places the text of the Jubilees creation account within the context of the Dead Sea Scrolls, showing that texts such as 4QInstruction and 11QPsalms^a Hymn to the Creator show more affinities with the Jubilees creation account than with Genesis 1-3. The final part of the paper looks at the longer lines of the importance of the Jubilees creation account in the reception of creation in the Greek and Syriac Christian Chronicles.

Antony Perrot and Matthieu Richelle
Title: The Dead Sea Scrolls Palaeo-Hebrew Script: Its Roots in Hebrew Scribal Tradition

Abstract: Although it is less attested than during the Iron Age, the Palaeo-Hebrew script nevertheless appears in later epigraphical sources. The relevant Persian period inscriptions have recently been studied by G. Hamilton ("Paleo-Hebrew Texts and Scripts of the Persian Period", in J. A. Hackett and W. E. Aufrecht, "An Eye for form": Epigraphic Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross [Winona Lake 2014]: 253-90), while J. Dusek has written a new analysis of important texts from the early Hellenistic period (Aramaic and Hebrew Inscriptions from Mt. Gerizim [Leiden/Boston 2012]). In light of these new works and others, and thanks to detailed palaeographical analyses based on digital images, this paper will explore several crucial questions regarding the origins of the Palaeo-Hebrew script attested in the Dead Sea Scrolls manuscripts. Is the latter a "re-creation" from the Hellenistic period for copying literary texts, and if so, which older set of ductus was used as a model to relaunch the Hebrew scribal tradition? Or was the Qumran script the continuation of an uninterrupted Hebrew scribal tradition that can be traced back to the Iron Age? Could manuscripts like 4QpaleoJob or 11QpaleoLeviticus, for instance, be copies of earlier scrolls from the Persian period already written in Palaeo-Hebrew script?

Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra (keynote speaker)

Cairo Genizah Session

Samuel Blapp
Title: The Importance of the Classification of Standard Tiberian Manuscripts

Abstract: For almost a century the scholarly world concerned with the Hebrew Bible from philology to theology has solely relied on the BHS and its basic manuscript Leningrad Codex B19a. Thus, many studies have been published concerning the Hebrew Bible without ever seriously questioning the status of this manuscript from the Firkovich collection. In this paper I shall show how B19a fits into the history of the Standard Tiberian tradition of biblical Hebrew by comparing some its peculiarities to more accurate Standard Tiberian manuscripts such as A and BL Or 4445.

Philippe Cassuto

Title: The Four Great Oriental Manuscripts, a Family?

Abstract: Can the four great oriental manuscripts, Oriental 4445, Cairo, Aleppo and Leningrad codices be regarded as a family? Are this four manuscripts an exception in the transmission of the hebrew text of the Bible? Are the differences between Ben Asher and Ben Naftali a reality or a construction?

Viktor Golinets
Title: Biblical Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah and Their Place in the Textual History of the Hebrew Bible

Abstract: The Cairo Genizah has preserved a great amount of biblical manuscripts. These manuscripts belong to three linguistic traditions of the Biblical Hebrew, i.e. Babylonian, Palestinian and Tiberian, and they belong to different types texts: Hebrew Bible text alone, model codices with Masora magna and parva, Hebrew text with Targum, “substandard” copies for private reading and learning. The texts are kept in many libraries around the globe. Some of these texts have been used during the 20th century in producing scholarly editions of the Hebrew Bible. There have been, however, no systematic evaluation of the text‐critical value of these manuscripts and of the relation of the textual traditions and variants they comprise with other textual witnesses like medieval Hebrew codices of Orient and Europe and Qumran scrolls. The aims of this paper are, firstly, reviewing the use of biblical manuscripts from Genizah in the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, secondly, suggesting typology of their text‐critical significance, and, thirdly, evaluating their textological value in connection with other textual traditions of the Hebrew Bible. Special attention will be paid to the Sitz im Leben of different types of Genizah biblical manuscripts and, accordingly, to their value for reconstructing the biblical textual history. Their Sitz im Leben and their belonging to different socio‐cultural contexts of medieval Jewry accounts for the different grades of the quality of their text. In this respect, Genizah manuscripts remarkably differ from other sources of the Hebrew Bible. The review of the use of the Genizah manuscripts in the last century will discuss manuscript studies, Bible editions and contemporary (electronic) research tools.

Geoffrey Khan (keynote speaker)

Elvira Martin-Contreras
Title: MS. T.S.D. 1, 61 REVISITED

Abstract: In 1966 Bernard Keller published the description, text, translation and commentary of the fragment T.S.D. 1, 61 (“Fragment d’un traité d’exégèse massorétique”, Textus 5, 60-83). According to the author, the fragment contains original masoretic material formed by masoretic notes (formulated without the abbreviations used in the Masorah) and their exegetical explanations (with similar techniques to those used in the Talmud and the Midrashim). The study of this material using a new integrating methodology that combines philological and hermeneutic research (Cf. E. Martín-Contreras, “Rabbinic Ways of Preservation and Transmission of the Biblical Text in the Light of Masoretic Sources” in E. Martín Contreras – L. Miralles Maciá (eds.), The Text of the Hebrew Bible. From the Rabbis to Masoretes, Journal of Ancient Judaism, Supplements; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht [2014] 79-90) has resulted in a different interpretation. Moreover, the finding of parallel documents suggests a new description of the fragment. This paper presents both a new interpretation and description.

Ben Outhwaite (keynote speaker)
Title: Variation Within the Standard Tiberian Masoretic Tradition

Abstract: At least in the field of Biblical Studies, the Tiberian Masoretic Tradition is generally perceived to be a firmly monolithic edifice, frequently equated with the contents of codex B19a (the socalled Leningrad Codex). Notwithstanding, closer examination reveals myriad intramural currents, trends and diverges. This paper outlines some of the most significant aspects of variation within the Standard Tiberian Tradition, explores the potential historicalcultural value of these subtraditions, and considers the unique role of the Genizah Bible fragments in this field of research.

Kim Phillips
Title: Variation Within the Standard Tiberian Masoretic Tradition

European Genizah

Javier del Barco
Title: Catalogues of Hebrew Manuscripts and the Cataloguing of Hebrew Fragments

Abstract: In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, pioneering catalogues of Hebrew manuscripts—including both codices and fragments—focused mainly on the description of texts. By the mid-twentieth century, the birth of codicology as a historical discipline focused on the codex as historical object, and led to the production of the first catalogues based on an “archaeological” study of manuscripts—meaning here codices. Since then, different theoretical and methodological approaches have shaped the many different types of catalogues of manuscripts up to the present, ranging from quantitative catalogues to neo-historical ones, from descriptive inventories to detailed studies of individual codices. What is the effect of changes in the form and function of catalogues of Hebrew manuscripts in general on the study and cataloguing of Hebrew fragments in particular? Is the cataloguing of fragments subject to the same methods of study and interpretation as that of codices? What aspects, if any, should be addressed differently? By addressing these questions, I will try to describe and situate methodological approaches behind the cataloguing of Hebrew fragments vis-à-vis Hebrew codices.

Judith Kogel
Title: Identifying the model of a copy: the case of Colmar’s Biblical fragments

Abstract: Beside the codicological and paleographic analysis that can help us to locate and date a copy, some elements in the text itself may also serve as markers. For the Bible, the presence of pertinent variants is clearly an indication of the model employed by the scribe. Nevertheless, one must be careful and distinguish between different types of variants which tell us about how the copyist was working: those already present in the model or models employed, the scribal errors and the variants introduced at a later stage, either when vocalizing or rereading the text with another witness. When trying to reconstruct a Pentateuch whose numerous fragments are glued on the board of Colmar’s and Strasbourg’s incunabula, I tried to link the textual tradition they contain to some of the manuscripts described by Kenicott and De Rossi and it is this work that I wish to present in this paper.

Judith Olszowy-Schlanger (keynote speaker)

Mauro Perani(Chairman of honor of the European Genizah Session)

Ursula Schattner-Rieser
Title: Targums in the Austrian Genizah – reflections about the transmission and function of the Aramaic Bible versions

Abstract: Austrian libraries and archives host about 100 medieval Targum fragments from Codices embodied in medieval Christian book bindings, dated to the 13th to 15th century. Most parchments contain the Pentateuch; others contain the Targum to the Prophets.
The layout is in most cases similar and of the Ashkenazi type with big leaves, three columns and the text is represented of the alternating type, which means that the Hebrew text is followed by its Aramaic translation verse by verse and often the masoretic commentaries (Masorah parva and magna) are added in the margins. In addition to the fragments we possess two complete 13th or 14^th c. codices of the Torah and the Prophets (Göttweig Cod. 10 and 11) alternating the Hebrew and Aramaic text vocalized and accented according to the Tiberian system and written in Ashkenazic square script. Numerous questions arise about the transmission of the text and the function of the Aramaic translation in medieval Ashkenazi Jewry.
The cantillation marks on the Aramaic part and the conclusions to be drawn from these texts is that it seems to have been an authoritative text, which was probably recited during public office. We wish to discuss the Göttweig Codices within the other Austrian Targum manuscripts and to stimulate the common research as initiated by others scholars working in the field.

Roberta Tonnarelli and Elodie Attia-Kay
Title: Biblical Manuscripts and Fragments with Early Italian or Ashkenaz Hebrew Scripts

Abstract: Biblical fragments bearing Italian or Ahskenazic script written before the 13th century are difficult to differenciate, classify, date and analyse. Some scholars claimed that the two scripts were not different at an early stage, and that the Ashkenazic script came out from the early Italian one. To find the moment from when we should speak of two different scripts, a palaoegraphical analysis of each type of script is a necessary issue. This should be made on the basis of some manuscripts and fragments, such as the very discussed Erfurt Tosefta (Staatsbibliothek Berlin), the famous first dated Hebrew Bible (Codex Reuchlinianus, 1105/6) and fragments recently discovered in the European Genizah. The aim of this paper is to resume the paloegrahical features of each type of scripts, Oriental coeval to early Italian and Ashkenazic scripts. Then, specify if there is something in common, or not. Moroever, since most of the Italian earliest fragments shows the vocalization of Codex Reuchlinianus, what can we learn of the Tiberian Masoretic tradition transmitted from Orient to Europe?

Workshop Session

The Digital Future of Hebrew Bible Manuscript Studies

In this session the existing digital tools of each field (DSS, Cairo Genizah and European Genizah) will be presented, discussed and critically evaluated for their usefulness for Hebrew Bible manuscript studies. Thus, the participants will initially make a list of all the available research tools in their respective field. Thereafter, they will discuss and critically evaluate these tools for their limits as well as elaborate possible improvements and transdisciplinary results perspectives. Subsequently the three groups will reconvene and present their results to foster a new network of researchers and connect several scientific partners or institutions. Comments from all participants will be welcomed. A final general discussion on future digital tools and connections between analogue projects will conclude this EAJS Laboratory. More...